diff --git a/UI/JsLibraries/lodash.underscore.js b/UI/JsLibraries/lodash.underscore.js
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+++ b/UI/JsLibraries/lodash.underscore.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4468 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Lo-Dash 1.3.1 (Custom Build)
+ * Build: `lodash underscore exports="amd,commonjs,global,node" -o ./dist/lodash.underscore.js`
+ * Copyright 2012-2013 The Dojo Foundation
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.4.4
+ * Copyright 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
+ * Available under MIT license
+ */
+;(function(window) {
+
+ /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre ES5 environments */
+ var undefined;
+
+ /** Used to generate unique IDs */
+ var idCounter = 0;
+
+ /** Used internally to indicate various things */
+ var indicatorObject = {};
+
+ /** Used to prefix keys to avoid issues with `__proto__` and properties on `Object.prototype` */
+ var keyPrefix = +new Date + '';
+
+ /** Used to match HTML entities */
+ var reEscapedHtml = /&(?:amp|lt|gt|quot|#39);/g;
+
+ /** Used to match "interpolate" template delimiters */
+ var reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;
+
+ /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters */
+ var reNoMatch = /($^)/;
+
+ /** Used to match HTML characters */
+ var reUnescapedHtml = /[&<>"']/g;
+
+ /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals */
+ var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\t\u2028\u2029\\]/g;
+
+ /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */
+ var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',
+ arrayClass = '[object Array]',
+ boolClass = '[object Boolean]',
+ dateClass = '[object Date]',
+ funcClass = '[object Function]',
+ numberClass = '[object Number]',
+ objectClass = '[object Object]',
+ regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',
+ stringClass = '[object String]';
+
+ /** Used to determine if values are of the language type Object */
+ var objectTypes = {
+ 'boolean': false,
+ 'function': true,
+ 'object': true,
+ 'number': false,
+ 'string': false,
+ 'undefined': false
+ };
+
+ /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals */
+ var stringEscapes = {
+ '\\': '\\',
+ "'": "'",
+ '\n': 'n',
+ '\r': 'r',
+ '\t': 't',
+ '\u2028': 'u2028',
+ '\u2029': 'u2029'
+ };
+
+ /** Detect free variable `exports` */
+ var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports;
+
+ /** Detect free variable `module` */
+ var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && module.exports == freeExports && module;
+
+ /** Detect free variable `global`, from Node.js or Browserified code, and use it as `window` */
+ var freeGlobal = objectTypes[typeof global] && global;
+ if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal)) {
+ window = freeGlobal;
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * A basic implementation of `_.indexOf` without support for binary searches
+ * or `fromIndex` constraints.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
+ * @param {Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+ */
+ function basicIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+ var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
+ length = array.length;
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if (array[index] === value) {
+ return index;
+ }
+ }
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `sortBy` to compare transformed `collection` values, stable sorting
+ * them in ascending order.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Object} a The object to compare to `b`.
+ * @param {Object} b The object to compare to `a`.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns the sort order indicator of `1` or `-1`.
+ */
+ function compareAscending(a, b) {
+ var ai = a.index,
+ bi = b.index;
+
+ a = a.criteria;
+ b = b.criteria;
+
+ // ensure a stable sort in V8 and other engines
+ // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90
+ if (a !== b) {
+ if (a > b || typeof a == 'undefined') {
+ return 1;
+ }
+ if (a < b || typeof b == 'undefined') {
+ return -1;
+ }
+ }
+ return ai < bi ? -1 : 1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled
+ * string literals.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {String} match The matched character to escape.
+ * @returns {String} Returns the escaped character.
+ */
+ function escapeStringChar(match) {
+ return '\\' + stringEscapes[match];
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * A no-operation function.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+ function noop() {
+ // no operation performed
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Used for `Array` method references.
+ *
+ * Normally `Array.prototype` would suffice, however, using an array literal
+ * avoids issues in Narwhal.
+ */
+ var arrayRef = [];
+
+ /** Used for native method references */
+ var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+ /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `noConflict` */
+ var oldDash = window._;
+
+ /** Used to detect if a method is native */
+ var reNative = RegExp('^' +
+ String(objectProto.valueOf)
+ .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
+ .replace(/valueOf|for [^\]]+/g, '.+?') + '$'
+ );
+
+ /** Native method shortcuts */
+ var ceil = Math.ceil,
+ concat = arrayRef.concat,
+ floor = Math.floor,
+ hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty,
+ push = arrayRef.push,
+ toString = objectProto.toString;
+
+ /* Native method shortcuts for methods with the same name as other `lodash` methods */
+ var nativeBind = reNative.test(nativeBind = toString.bind) && nativeBind,
+ nativeCreate = reNative.test(nativeCreate = Object.create) && nativeCreate,
+ nativeIsArray = reNative.test(nativeIsArray = Array.isArray) && nativeIsArray,
+ nativeIsFinite = window.isFinite,
+ nativeIsNaN = window.isNaN,
+ nativeKeys = reNative.test(nativeKeys = Object.keys) && nativeKeys,
+ nativeMax = Math.max,
+ nativeMin = Math.min,
+ nativeRandom = Math.random,
+ nativeSlice = arrayRef.slice;
+
+ /** Detect various environments */
+ var isIeOpera = reNative.test(window.attachEvent),
+ isV8 = nativeBind && !/\n|true/.test(nativeBind + isIeOpera);
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a `lodash` object, which wraps the given `value`, to enable method
+ * chaining.
+ *
+ * In addition to Lo-Dash methods, wrappers also have the following `Array` methods:
+ * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`, `splice`,
+ * and `unshift`
+ *
+ * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `value` method is
+ * implicitly or explicitly included in the build.
+ *
+ * The chainable wrapper functions are:
+ * `after`, `assign`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`, `chain`, `compact`,
+ * `compose`, `concat`, `countBy`, `createCallback`, `debounce`, `defaults`,
+ * `defer`, `delay`, `difference`, `filter`, `flatten`, `forEach`, `forIn`,
+ * `forOwn`, `functions`, `groupBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`,
+ * `invoke`, `keys`, `map`, `max`, `memoize`, `merge`, `min`, `object`, `omit`,
+ * `once`, `pairs`, `partial`, `partialRight`, `pick`, `pluck`, `push`, `range`,
+ * `reject`, `rest`, `reverse`, `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`, `sortBy`, `splice`,
+ * `tap`, `throttle`, `times`, `toArray`, `transform`, `union`, `uniq`, `unshift`,
+ * `unzip`, `values`, `where`, `without`, `wrap`, and `zip`
+ *
+ * The non-chainable wrapper functions are:
+ * `clone`, `cloneDeep`, `contains`, `escape`, `every`, `find`, `has`,
+ * `identity`, `indexOf`, `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isBoolean`, `isDate`,
+ * `isElement`, `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isFinite`, `isFunction`, `isNaN`,
+ * `isNull`, `isNumber`, `isObject`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isString`,
+ * `isUndefined`, `join`, `lastIndexOf`, `mixin`, `noConflict`, `parseInt`,
+ * `pop`, `random`, `reduce`, `reduceRight`, `result`, `shift`, `size`, `some`,
+ * `sortedIndex`, `runInContext`, `template`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`, and `value`
+ *
+ * The wrapper functions `first` and `last` return wrapped values when `n` is
+ * passed, otherwise they return unwrapped values.
+ *
+ * @name _
+ * @constructor
+ * @alias chain
+ * @category Chaining
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
+ *
+ * // returns an unwrapped value
+ * wrapped.reduce(function(sum, num) {
+ * return sum + num;
+ * });
+ * // => 6
+ *
+ * // returns a wrapped value
+ * var squares = wrapped.map(function(num) {
+ * return num * num;
+ * });
+ *
+ * _.isArray(squares);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isArray(squares.value());
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function lodash(value) {
+ return (value instanceof lodash)
+ ? value
+ : new lodashWrapper(value);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * A fast path for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
+ */
+ function lodashWrapper(value) {
+ this.__wrapped__ = value;
+ }
+ // ensure `new lodashWrapper` is an instance of `lodash`
+ lodashWrapper.prototype = lodash.prototype;
+
+ /**
+ * An object used to flag environments features.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Object
+ */
+ var support = {};
+
+ (function() {
+ var object = { '0': 1, 'length': 1 };
+
+ /**
+ * Detect if `Function#bind` exists and is inferred to be fast (all but V8).
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.support
+ * @type Boolean
+ */
+ support.fastBind = nativeBind && !isV8;
+
+ /**
+ * Detect if `Array#shift` and `Array#splice` augment array-like objects correctly.
+ *
+ * Firefox < 10, IE compatibility mode, and IE < 9 have buggy Array `shift()`
+ * and `splice()` functions that fail to remove the last element, `value[0]`,
+ * of array-like objects even though the `length` property is set to `0`.
+ * The `shift()` method is buggy in IE 8 compatibility mode, while `splice()`
+ * is buggy regardless of mode in IE < 9 and buggy in compatibility mode in IE 9.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.support
+ * @type Boolean
+ */
+ support.spliceObjects = (arrayRef.splice.call(object, 0, 1), !object[0]);
+ }(1));
+
+ /**
+ * By default, the template delimiters used by Lo-Dash are similar to those in
+ * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use alternative
+ * delimiters.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Object
+ */
+ lodash.templateSettings = {
+
+ /**
+ * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type RegExp
+ */
+ 'escape': /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+
+ /**
+ * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type RegExp
+ */
+ 'evaluate': /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+
+ /**
+ * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type RegExp
+ */
+ 'interpolate': reInterpolate,
+
+ /**
+ * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type String
+ */
+ 'variable': ''
+ };
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this` binding
+ * of `thisArg` and prepends any `partialArgs` to the arguments passed to the
+ * bound function.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Function|String} func The function to bind or the method name.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+ * @param {Array} partialArgs An array of arguments to be partially applied.
+ * @param {Object} [idicator] Used to indicate binding by key or partially
+ * applying arguments from the right.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+ */
+ function createBound(func, thisArg, partialArgs, indicator) {
+ var isFunc = isFunction(func),
+ isPartial = !partialArgs,
+ key = thisArg;
+
+ // juggle arguments
+ if (isPartial) {
+ var rightIndicator = indicator;
+ partialArgs = thisArg;
+ }
+ else if (!isFunc) {
+ if (!indicator) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ thisArg = func;
+ }
+
+ function bound() {
+ // `Function#bind` spec
+ // http://es5.github.com/#x15.3.4.5
+ var args = arguments,
+ thisBinding = isPartial ? this : thisArg;
+
+ if (!isFunc) {
+ func = thisArg[key];
+ }
+ if (partialArgs.length) {
+ args = args.length
+ ? (args = nativeSlice.call(args), rightIndicator ? args.concat(partialArgs) : partialArgs.concat(args))
+ : partialArgs;
+ }
+ if (this instanceof bound) {
+ // ensure `new bound` is an instance of `func`
+ thisBinding = createObject(func.prototype);
+
+ // mimic the constructor's `return` behavior
+ // http://es5.github.com/#x13.2.2
+ var result = func.apply(thisBinding, args);
+ return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
+ }
+ return func.apply(thisBinding, args);
+ }
+ return bound;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a new object with the specified `prototype`.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Object} prototype The prototype object.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+ */
+ function createObject(prototype) {
+ return isObject(prototype) ? nativeCreate(prototype) : {};
+ }
+ // fallback for browsers without `Object.create`
+ if (!nativeCreate) {
+ var createObject = function(prototype) {
+ if (isObject(prototype)) {
+ noop.prototype = prototype;
+ var result = new noop;
+ noop.prototype = null;
+ }
+ return result || {};
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {String} match The matched character to escape.
+ * @returns {String} Returns the escaped character.
+ */
+ function escapeHtmlChar(match) {
+ return htmlEscapes[match];
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the appropriate "indexOf" function. If the `_.indexOf` method is
+ * customized, this method returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
+ * the `basicIndexOf` function.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the "indexOf" function.
+ */
+ function getIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+ var result = (result = lodash.indexOf) === indexOf ? basicIndexOf : result;
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {String} match The matched character to unescape.
+ * @returns {String} Returns the unescaped character.
+ */
+ function unescapeHtmlChar(match) {
+ return htmlUnescapes[match];
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is an `arguments` object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is an `arguments` object, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * (function() { return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isArguments(value) {
+ return toString.call(value) == argsClass;
+ }
+ // fallback for browsers that can't detect `arguments` objects by [[Class]]
+ if (!isArguments(arguments)) {
+ isArguments = function(value) {
+ return value ? hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') : false;
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is an array.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is an array, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * (function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {
+ return value ? (typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == arrayClass) : false;
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` which produces an array of the
+ * given object's own enumerable property names.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @type Function
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names.
+ */
+ var shimKeys = function(object) {
+ var index, iterable = object, result = [];
+ if (!iterable) return result;
+ if (!(objectTypes[typeof object])) return result;
+ for (index in iterable) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index)) {
+ result.push(index);
+ }
+ }
+ return result
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.keys({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+ * // => ['one', 'two', 'three'] (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {
+ if (!isObject(object)) {
+ return [];
+ }
+ return nativeKeys(object);
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Used to convert characters to HTML entities:
+ *
+ * Though the `>` character is escaped for symmetry, characters like `>` and `/`
+ * don't require escaping in HTML and have no special meaning unless they're part
+ * of a tag or an unquoted attribute value.
+ * http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands (under "semi-related fun fact")
+ */
+ var htmlEscapes = {
+ '&': '&',
+ '<': '<',
+ '>': '>',
+ '"': '"',
+ "'": '''
+ };
+
+ /** Used to convert HTML entities to characters */
+ var htmlUnescapes = invert(htmlEscapes);
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
+ * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite property assignments of previous
+ * sources. If a `callback` function is passed, it will be executed to produce
+ * the assigned values. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+ * two arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @alias extend
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+ * @param {Object} [source1, source2, ...] The source objects.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize assigning values.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.assign({ 'name': 'moe' }, { 'age': 40 });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
+ *
+ * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assign, function(a, b) {
+ * return typeof a == 'undefined' ? b : a;
+ * });
+ *
+ * var food = { 'name': 'apple' };
+ * defaults(food, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }
+ */
+ function assign(object) {
+ if (!object) {
+ return object;
+ }
+ for (var argsIndex = 1, argsLength = arguments.length; argsIndex < argsLength; argsIndex++) {
+ var iterable = arguments[argsIndex];
+ if (iterable) {
+ for (var key in iterable) {
+ object[key] = iterable[key];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return object;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a clone of `value`. If `deep` is `true`, nested objects will also
+ * be cloned, otherwise they will be assigned by reference. If a `callback`
+ * function is passed, it will be executed to produce the cloned values. If
+ * `callback` returns `undefined`, cloning will be handled by the method instead.
+ * The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to clone.
+ * @param {Boolean} [deep=false] A flag to indicate a deep clone.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @param- {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
+ * @param- {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates clones with source counterparts.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the cloned `value`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * var shallow = _.clone(stooges);
+ * shallow[0] === stooges[0];
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * var deep = _.clone(stooges, true);
+ * deep[0] === stooges[0];
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.mixin({
+ * 'clone': _.partialRight(_.clone, function(value) {
+ * return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(false) : undefined;
+ * })
+ * });
+ *
+ * var clone = _.clone(document.body);
+ * clone.childNodes.length;
+ * // => 0
+ */
+ function clone(value) {
+ return isObject(value)
+ ? (isArray(value) ? nativeSlice.call(value) : assign({}, value))
+ : value;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
+ * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a
+ * property is set, additional defaults of the same property will be ignored.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+ * @param {Object} [source1, source2, ...] The source objects.
+ * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with `_.reduce` without using its
+ * callback's `key` and `object` arguments as sources.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var food = { 'name': 'apple' };
+ * _.defaults(food, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }
+ */
+ function defaults(object) {
+ if (!object) {
+ return object;
+ }
+ for (var argsIndex = 1, argsLength = arguments.length; argsIndex < argsLength; argsIndex++) {
+ var iterable = arguments[argsIndex];
+ if (iterable) {
+ for (var key in iterable) {
+ if (object[key] == null) {
+ object[key] = iterable[key];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return object;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Iterates over `object`'s own and inherited enumerable properties, executing
+ * the `callback` for each property. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and
+ * invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration
+ * early by explicitly returning `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * function Dog(name) {
+ * this.name = name;
+ * }
+ *
+ * Dog.prototype.bark = function() {
+ * alert('Woof, woof!');
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.forIn(new Dog('Dagny'), function(value, key) {
+ * alert(key);
+ * });
+ * // => alerts 'name' and 'bark' (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ var forIn = function(collection, callback) {
+ var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
+ if (!iterable) return result;
+ if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
+ for (index in iterable) {
+ if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === indicatorObject) return result;
+ }
+ return result
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Iterates over an object's own enumerable properties, executing the `callback`
+ * for each property. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration early by explicitly
+ * returning `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.forOwn({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
+ * alert(key);
+ * });
+ * // => alerts '0', '1', and 'length' (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ var forOwn = function(collection, callback) {
+ var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
+ if (!iterable) return result;
+ if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
+ for (index in iterable) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index)) {
+ if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === indicatorObject) return result;
+ }
+ }
+ return result
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a sorted array of all enumerable properties, own and inherited,
+ * of `object` that have function values.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias methods
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names that have function values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.functions(_);
+ * // => ['all', 'any', 'bind', 'bindAll', 'clone', 'compact', 'compose', ...]
+ */
+ function functions(object) {
+ var result = [];
+ forIn(object, function(value, key) {
+ if (isFunction(value)) {
+ result.push(key);
+ }
+ });
+ return result.sort();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if the specified object `property` exists and is a direct property,
+ * instead of an inherited property.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to check.
+ * @param {String} property The property to check for.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if key is a direct property, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.has({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, 'b');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function has(object, property) {
+ return object ? hasOwnProperty.call(object, property) : false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of the given `object`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the created inverted object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.invert({ 'first': 'moe', 'second': 'larry' });
+ * // => { 'moe': 'first', 'larry': 'second' }
+ */
+ function invert(object) {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = keys(object),
+ length = props.length,
+ result = {};
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var key = props[index];
+ result[object[key]] = key;
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a boolean value.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a boolean value, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isBoolean(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isBoolean(value) {
+ return value === true || value === false || toString.call(value) == boolClass;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a date.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a date, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isDate(new Date);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isDate(value) {
+ return value ? (typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == dateClass) : false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isElement(document.body);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isElement(value) {
+ return value ? value.nodeType === 1 : false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is empty. Arrays, strings, or `arguments` objects with a
+ * length of `0` and objects with no own enumerable properties are considered
+ * "empty".
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} value The value to inspect.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is empty, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isEmpty({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isEmpty('');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isEmpty(value) {
+ if (!value) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (isArray(value) || isString(value)) {
+ return !value.length;
+ }
+ for (var key in value) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, key)) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
+ * equivalent to each other. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed to
+ * compare values. If `callback` returns `undefined`, comparisons will be handled
+ * by the method instead. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+ * two arguments; (a, b).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} a The value to compare.
+ * @param {Mixed} b The other value to compare.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @param- {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `a` objects.
+ * @param- {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `b` objects.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var moe = { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ * var copy = { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ *
+ * moe == copy;
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isEqual(moe, copy);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * var words = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
+ * var otherWords = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
+ *
+ * _.isEqual(words, otherWords, function(a, b) {
+ * var reGreet = /^(?:hello|hi)$/i,
+ * aGreet = _.isString(a) && reGreet.test(a),
+ * bGreet = _.isString(b) && reGreet.test(b);
+ *
+ * return (aGreet || bGreet) ? (aGreet == bGreet) : undefined;
+ * });
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isEqual(a, b, stackA, stackB) {
+ if (a === b) {
+ return a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b);
+ }
+ var type = typeof a,
+ otherType = typeof b;
+
+ if (a === a &&
+ (!a || (type != 'function' && type != 'object')) &&
+ (!b || (otherType != 'function' && otherType != 'object'))) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ if (a == null || b == null) {
+ return a === b;
+ }
+ var className = toString.call(a),
+ otherClass = toString.call(b);
+
+ if (className != otherClass) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ switch (className) {
+ case boolClass:
+ case dateClass:
+ return +a == +b;
+
+ case numberClass:
+ return a != +a
+ ? b != +b
+ : (a == 0 ? (1 / a == 1 / b) : a == +b);
+
+ case regexpClass:
+ case stringClass:
+ return a == String(b);
+ }
+ var isArr = className == arrayClass;
+ if (!isArr) {
+ if (a instanceof lodash || b instanceof lodash) {
+ return isEqual(a.__wrapped__ || a, b.__wrapped__ || b, stackA, stackB);
+ }
+ if (className != objectClass) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ var ctorA = a.constructor,
+ ctorB = b.constructor;
+
+ if (ctorA != ctorB && !(
+ isFunction(ctorA) && ctorA instanceof ctorA &&
+ isFunction(ctorB) && ctorB instanceof ctorB
+ )) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ stackA || (stackA = []);
+ stackB || (stackB = []);
+
+ var length = stackA.length;
+ while (length--) {
+ if (stackA[length] == a) {
+ return stackB[length] == b;
+ }
+ }
+ var result = true,
+ size = 0;
+
+ stackA.push(a);
+ stackB.push(b);
+
+ if (isArr) {
+ size = b.length;
+ result = size == a.length;
+
+ if (result) {
+ while (size--) {
+ if (!(result = isEqual(a[size], b[size], stackA, stackB))) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+ forIn(b, function(value, key, b) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, key)) {
+ size++;
+ return !(result = hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) && isEqual(a[key], value, stackA, stackB)) && indicatorObject;
+ }
+ });
+
+ if (result) {
+ forIn(a, function(value, key, a) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key)) {
+ return !(result = --size > -1) && indicatorObject;
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is, or can be coerced to, a finite number.
+ *
+ * Note: This is not the same as native `isFinite`, which will return true for
+ * booleans and empty strings. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.5.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is finite, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isFinite(-101);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isFinite('10');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isFinite(true);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isFinite('');
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isFinite(Infinity);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isFinite(value) {
+ return nativeIsFinite(value) && !nativeIsNaN(parseFloat(value));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a function, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isFunction(_);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isFunction(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'function';
+ }
+ // fallback for older versions of Chrome and Safari
+ if (isFunction(/x/)) {
+ isFunction = function(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'function' && toString.call(value) == funcClass;
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is the language type of Object.
+ * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is an object, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObject({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject(1);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isObject(value) {
+ // check if the value is the ECMAScript language type of Object
+ // http://es5.github.com/#x8
+ // and avoid a V8 bug
+ // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291
+ return !!(value && objectTypes[typeof value]);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
+ *
+ * Note: This is not the same as native `isNaN`, which will return `true` for
+ * `undefined` and other values. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.4.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isNaN(NaN);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * isNaN(undefined);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNaN(undefined);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isNaN(value) {
+ // `NaN` as a primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself
+ // (perform the [[Class]] check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE)
+ return isNumber(value) && value != +value
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is `null`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is `null`, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isNull(null);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNull(undefined);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isNull(value) {
+ return value === null;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a number.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a number, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isNumber(8.4 * 5);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isNumber(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'number' || toString.call(value) == numberClass;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a regular expression.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a regular expression, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isRegExp(/moe/);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isRegExp(value) {
+ return !!(value && objectTypes[typeof value]) && toString.call(value) == regexpClass;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a string.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a string, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isString('moe');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isString(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'string' || toString.call(value) == stringClass;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isUndefined(void 0);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isUndefined(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'undefined';
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a shallow clone of `object` excluding the specified properties.
+ * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
+ * property names. If a `callback` function is passed, it will be executed
+ * for each property in the `object`, omitting the properties `callback`
+ * returns truthy for. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
+ * with three arguments; (value, key, object).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The source object.
+ * @param {Function|String} callback|[prop1, prop2, ...] The properties to omit
+ * or the function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns an object without the omitted properties.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'age');
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ *
+ * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, function(value) {
+ * return typeof value == 'number';
+ * });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ */
+ function omit(object) {
+ var indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ props = concat.apply(arrayRef, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1)),
+ result = {};
+
+ forIn(object, function(value, key) {
+ if (indexOf(props, key) < 0) {
+ result[key] = value;
+ }
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a two dimensional array of the given object's key-value pairs,
+ * i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns new array of key-value pairs.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.pairs({ 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40 });
+ * // => [['moe', 30], ['larry', 40]] (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ function pairs(object) {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = keys(object),
+ length = props.length,
+ result = Array(length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var key = props[index];
+ result[index] = [key, object[key]];
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a shallow clone of `object` composed of the specified properties.
+ * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of property
+ * names. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed for each property in the
+ * `object`, picking the properties `callback` returns truthy for. The `callback`
+ * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The source object.
+ * @param {Array|Function|String} callback|[prop1, prop2, ...] The function called
+ * per iteration or properties to pick, either as individual arguments or arrays.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the picked properties.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_userid': 'moe1' }, 'name');
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ *
+ * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_userid': 'moe1' }, function(value, key) {
+ * return key.charAt(0) != '_';
+ * });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ */
+ function pick(object) {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = concat.apply(arrayRef, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1)),
+ length = props.length,
+ result = {};
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var prop = props[index];
+ if (prop in object) {
+ result[prop] = object[prop];
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+ * // => [1, 2, 3] (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ function values(object) {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = keys(object),
+ length = props.length,
+ result = Array(length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = object[props[index]];
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if a given `target` element is present in a `collection` using strict
+ * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used
+ * as the offset from the end of the collection.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias include
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Mixed} target The value to check for.
+ * @param {Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `target` element is found, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.contains({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'moe');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.contains('curly', 'ur');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function contains(collection, target) {
+ var indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = false;
+ if (length && typeof length == 'number') {
+ result = indexOf(collection, target) > -1;
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value) {
+ return (result = value === target) && indicatorObject;
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed of keys returned from running each element of the
+ * `collection` through the given `callback`. The corresponding value of each key
+ * is the number of times the key was returned by the `callback`. The `callback`
+ * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
+ * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+ *
+ * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+ * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+ *
+ * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+ * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
+ */
+ function countBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = {};
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ key = String(callback(value, key, collection));
+ (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key]++ : result[key] = 1);
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if the `callback` returns a truthy value for **all** elements of a
+ * `collection`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias all
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the callback check,
+ * else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.every(stooges, 'age');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.every(stooges, { 'age': 50 });
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function every(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = true;
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if (!(result = !!callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ return !(result = !!callback(value, index, collection)) && indicatorObject;
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning an array of all elements
+ * the `callback` returns truthy for. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and
+ * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias select
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that passed the callback check.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+ * // => [2, 4, 6]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.filter(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.filter(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' }]
+ */
+ function filter(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = [];
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning the first that the `callback`
+ * returns truthy for. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias detect, findWhere
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.find([1, 2, 3, 4], function(num) {
+ * return num % 2 == 0;
+ * });
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.find(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
+ * // => { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.find(food, 'organic');
+ * // => { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true, 'type': 'fruit' }
+ */
+ function find(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ return value;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ var result;
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ result = value;
+ return indicatorObject;
+ }
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning the first that
+ * has the given `properties`. When checking `properties`, this method
+ * performs a deep comparison between values to determine if they are
+ * equivalent to each other.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Object} properties The object of property values to filter by.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.findWhere(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
+ * // => { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ */
+ function findWhere(object, properties) {
+ return where(object, properties, true);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Iterates over a `collection`, executing the `callback` for each element in
+ * the `collection`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index|key, collection). Callbacks may exit iteration early
+ * by explicitly returning `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias each
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array|Object|String} Returns `collection`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _([1, 2, 3]).forEach(alert).join(',');
+ * // => alerts each number and returns '1,2,3'
+ *
+ * _.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, alert);
+ * // => alerts each number value (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ function forEach(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if (callback(collection[index], index, collection) === indicatorObject) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, callback);
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed of keys returned from running each element of the
+ * `collection` through the `callback`. The corresponding value of each key is
+ * an array of elements passed to `callback` that returned the key. The `callback`
+ * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
+ * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+ *
+ * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+ * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+ * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
+ */
+ function groupBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = {};
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ key = String(callback(value, key, collection));
+ (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key] : result[key] = []).push(value);
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Invokes the method named by `methodName` on each element in the `collection`,
+ * returning an array of the results of each invoked method. Additional arguments
+ * will be passed to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function, it will
+ * be invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in the `collection`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|String} methodName The name of the method to invoke or
+ * the function invoked per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the method with.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each invoked method.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
+ * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
+ *
+ * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
+ * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
+ */
+ function invoke(collection, methodName) {
+ var args = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2),
+ index = -1,
+ isFunc = typeof methodName == 'function',
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value) {
+ result[++index] = (isFunc ? methodName : value[methodName]).apply(value, args);
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of values by running each element in the `collection`
+ * through the `callback`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+ * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias collect
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each `callback` execution.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });
+ * // => [3, 6, 9]
+ *
+ * _.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });
+ * // => [3, 6, 9] (order is not guaranteed)
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.map(stooges, 'name');
+ * // => ['moe', 'larry']
+ */
+ function map(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ var result = Array(length);
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = callback(collection[index], index, collection);
+ }
+ } else {
+ result = [];
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ result[++index] = callback(value, key, collection);
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the maximum value of an `array`. If `callback` is passed,
+ * it will be executed for each value in the `array` to generate the
+ * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is bound to
+ * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the maximum value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+ * // => 8
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.max(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
+ * // => { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 };
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.max(stooges, 'age');
+ * // => { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 };
+ */
+ function max(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var computed = -Infinity,
+ result = computed;
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (!callback && typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (value > result) {
+ result = value;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ var current = callback(value, index, collection);
+ if (current > computed) {
+ computed = current;
+ result = value;
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the minimum value of an `array`. If `callback` is passed,
+ * it will be executed for each value in the `array` to generate the
+ * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg`
+ * and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the minimum value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.min(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.min(stooges, 'age');
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ */
+ function min(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var computed = Infinity,
+ result = computed;
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (!callback && typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (value < result) {
+ result = value;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ var current = callback(value, index, collection);
+ if (current < computed) {
+ computed = current;
+ result = value;
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in the `collection`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {String} property The property to pluck.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.pluck(stooges, 'name');
+ * // => ['moe', 'larry']
+ */
+ function pluck(collection, property) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ var result = Array(length);
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = collection[index][property];
+ }
+ }
+ return result || map(collection, property);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Reduces a `collection` to a value which is the accumulated result of running
+ * each element in the `collection` through the `callback`, where each successive
+ * `callback` execution consumes the return value of the previous execution.
+ * If `accumulator` is not passed, the first element of the `collection` will be
+ * used as the initial `accumulator` value. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg`
+ * and invoked with four arguments; (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias foldl, inject
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(sum, num) {
+ * return sum + num;
+ * });
+ * // => 6
+ *
+ * var mapped = _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {
+ * result[key] = num * 3;
+ * return result;
+ * }, {});
+ * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
+ */
+ function reduce(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
+ if (!collection) return accumulator;
+ var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection.length;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ if (noaccum) {
+ accumulator = collection[++index];
+ }
+ while (++index < length) {
+ accumulator = callback(accumulator, collection[index], index, collection);
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ accumulator = noaccum
+ ? (noaccum = false, value)
+ : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection)
+ });
+ }
+ return accumulator;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method is similar to `_.reduce`, except that it iterates over a
+ * `collection` from right to left.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias foldr
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
+ * var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
+ * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
+ */
+ function reduceRight(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
+ var iterable = collection,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
+
+ if (typeof length != 'number') {
+ var props = keys(collection);
+ length = props.length;
+ }
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
+ forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ index = props ? props[--length] : --length;
+ accumulator = noaccum
+ ? (noaccum = false, iterable[index])
+ : callback(accumulator, iterable[index], index, collection);
+ });
+ return accumulator;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The opposite of `_.filter`, this method returns the elements of a
+ * `collection` that `callback` does **not** return truthy for.
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that did **not** pass the
+ * callback check.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+ * // => [1, 3, 5]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.reject(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' }]
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.reject(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+ */
+ function reject(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ return filter(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ return !callback(value, index, collection);
+ });
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of shuffled `array` values, using a version of the
+ * Fisher-Yates shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to shuffle.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new shuffled collection.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
+ * // => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
+ */
+ function shuffle(collection) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value) {
+ var rand = floor(nativeRandom() * (++index + 1));
+ result[index] = result[rand];
+ result[rand] = value;
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the size of the `collection` by returning `collection.length` for arrays
+ * and array-like objects or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to inspect.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns `collection.length` or number of own enumerable properties.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.size([1, 2]);
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * _.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+ * // => 3
+ *
+ * _.size('curly');
+ * // => 5
+ */
+ function size(collection) {
+ var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+ return typeof length == 'number' ? length : keys(collection).length;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if the `callback` returns a truthy value for **any** element of a
+ * `collection`. The function returns as soon as it finds passing value, and
+ * does not iterate over the entire `collection`. The `callback` is bound to
+ * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias any
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the callback check,
+ * else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.some(food, 'organic');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.some(food, { 'type': 'meat' });
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function some(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result;
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if ((result = callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ return (result = callback(value, index, collection)) && indicatorObject;
+ });
+ }
+ return !!result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
+ * running each element in the `collection` through the `callback`. This method
+ * performs a stable sort, that is, it will preserve the original sort order of
+ * equal elements. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of sorted elements.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });
+ * // => [3, 1, 2]
+ *
+ * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return this.sin(num); }, Math);
+ * // => [3, 1, 2]
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.sortBy(['banana', 'strawberry', 'apple'], 'length');
+ * // => ['apple', 'banana', 'strawberry']
+ */
+ function sortBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ result[++index] = {
+ 'criteria': callback(value, key, collection),
+ 'index': index,
+ 'value': value
+ };
+ });
+
+ length = result.length;
+ result.sort(compareAscending);
+ while (length--) {
+ result[length] = result[length].value;
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts the `collection` to an array.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to convert.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns the new converted array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * (function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
+ * // => [2, 3, 4]
+ */
+ function toArray(collection) {
+ if (isArray(collection)) {
+ return nativeSlice.call(collection);
+ }
+ if (collection && typeof collection.length == 'number') {
+ return map(collection);
+ }
+ return values(collection);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning an array of all elements
+ * that have the given `properties`. When checking `properties`, this method
+ * performs a deep comparison between values to determine if they are equivalent
+ * to each other.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Object} properties The object of property values to filter by.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that have the given `properties`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.where(stooges, { 'age': 40 });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }]
+ */
+ function where(collection, properties, first) {
+ return (first && isEmpty(properties))
+ ? null
+ : (first ? find : filter)(collection, properties);
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array with all falsey values of `array` removed. The values
+ * `false`, `null`, `0`, `""`, `undefined` and `NaN` are all falsey.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new filtered array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3]
+ */
+ function compact(array) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ result = [];
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index];
+ if (value) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of `array` elements not present in the other arrays
+ * using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+ * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to check.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of `array` elements not present in the
+ * other arrays.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
+ * // => [1, 3, 4]
+ */
+ function difference(array) {
+ var index = -1,
+ indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ length = array.length,
+ flattened = concat.apply(arrayRef, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1)),
+ result = [];
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index];
+ if (indexOf(flattened, value) < 0) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the first element of the `array`. If a number `n` is passed, the first
+ * `n` elements of the `array` are returned. If a `callback` function is passed,
+ * elements at the beginning of the array are returned as long as the `callback`
+ * returns truthy. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias head, take
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+ * @param {Function|Object|Number|String} [callback|n] The function called
+ * per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
+ * object is passed, it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
+ * style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the first element(s) of `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.first([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => 1
+ *
+ * _.first([1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => [1, 2]
+ *
+ * _.first([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
+ * return num < 3;
+ * });
+ * // => [1, 2]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false },
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.first(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true }]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.first(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' }]
+ */
+ function first(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ if (array) {
+ var n = 0,
+ length = array.length;
+
+ if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
+ var index = -1;
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
+ n++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ n = callback;
+ if (n == null || thisArg) {
+ return array[0];
+ }
+ }
+ return nativeSlice.call(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), length));
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If `isShallow`
+ * is truthy, `array` will only be flattened a single level. If `callback`
+ * is passed, each element of `array` is passed through a `callback` before
+ * flattening. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
+ * @param {Boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to indicate only flattening a single level.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3, 4];
+ *
+ * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'curly', 'quotes': ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!'] },
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'quotes': ['Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!'] }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.flatten(stooges, 'quotes');
+ * // => ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!', 'Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!']
+ */
+ function flatten(array, isShallow) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ result = [];
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index];
+ if (isArray(value)) {
+ push.apply(result, isShallow ? value : flatten(value));
+ } else {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found using
+ * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the `array` is already
+ * sorted, passing `true` for `fromIndex` will run a faster binary search.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
+ * @param {Boolean|Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from or `true` to
+ * perform a binary search on a sorted `array`.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => 1
+ *
+ * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
+ * // => 4
+ *
+ * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], 2, true);
+ * // => 2
+ */
+ function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+ if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
+ var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+ fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex || 0);
+ } else if (fromIndex) {
+ var index = sortedIndex(array, value);
+ return array[index] === value ? index : -1;
+ }
+ return array ? basicIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) : -1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets all but the last element of `array`. If a number `n` is passed, the
+ * last `n` elements are excluded from the result. If a `callback` function
+ * is passed, elements at the end of the array are excluded from the result
+ * as long as the `callback` returns truthy. The `callback` is bound to
+ * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+ * @param {Function|Object|Number|String} [callback|n=1] The function called
+ * per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or
+ * object is passed, it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
+ * style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.initial([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => [1, 2]
+ *
+ * _.initial([1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => [1]
+ *
+ * _.initial([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
+ * return num > 1;
+ * });
+ * // => [1]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.initial(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false }]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.initial(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' }]
+ */
+ function initial(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ if (!array) {
+ return [];
+ }
+ var n = 0,
+ length = array.length;
+
+ if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
+ var index = length;
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
+ n++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : callback || n;
+ }
+ return nativeSlice.call(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, length - n), length));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Computes the intersection of all the passed-in arrays using strict equality
+ * for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of unique elements that are present
+ * in **all** of the arrays.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.intersection([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
+ * // => [1, 2]
+ */
+ function intersection(array) {
+ var args = arguments,
+ argsLength = args.length,
+ index = -1,
+ indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ result = [];
+
+ outer:
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index];
+ if (indexOf(result, value) < 0) {
+ var argsIndex = argsLength;
+ while (--argsIndex) {
+ if (indexOf(args[argsIndex], value) < 0) {
+ continue outer;
+ }
+ }
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the last element of the `array`. If a number `n` is passed, the
+ * last `n` elements of the `array` are returned. If a `callback` function
+ * is passed, elements at the end of the array are returned as long as the
+ * `callback` returns truthy. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and
+ * invoked with three arguments;(value, index, array).
+ *
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+ * @param {Function|Object|Number|String} [callback|n] The function called
+ * per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
+ * object is passed, it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
+ * style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the last element(s) of `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => 3
+ *
+ * _.last([1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => [2, 3]
+ *
+ * _.last([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
+ * return num > 1;
+ * });
+ * // => [2, 3]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.last(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true }]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.last(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' }, { 'name': 'carrot', 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+ */
+ function last(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ if (array) {
+ var n = 0,
+ length = array.length;
+
+ if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
+ var index = length;
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
+ n++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ n = callback;
+ if (n == null || thisArg) {
+ return array[length - 1];
+ }
+ }
+ return nativeSlice.call(array, nativeMax(0, length - n));
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the index at which the last occurrence of `value` is found using strict
+ * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used
+ * as the offset from the end of the collection.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
+ * @param {Number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => 4
+ *
+ * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
+ * // => 1
+ */
+ function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+ var index = array ? array.length : 0;
+ if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
+ index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, index + fromIndex) : nativeMin(fromIndex, index - 1)) + 1;
+ }
+ while (index--) {
+ if (array[index] === value) {
+ return index;
+ }
+ }
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
+ * `start` up to but not including `end`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Number} [start=0] The start of the range.
+ * @param {Number} end The end of the range.
+ * @param {Number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new range array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.range(10);
+ * // => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+ *
+ * _.range(1, 11);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+ *
+ * _.range(0, 30, 5);
+ * // => [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
+ *
+ * _.range(0, -10, -1);
+ * // => [0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]
+ *
+ * _.range(0);
+ * // => []
+ */
+ function range(start, end, step) {
+ start = +start || 0;
+ step = +step || 1;
+
+ if (end == null) {
+ end = start;
+ start = 0;
+ }
+ // use `Array(length)` so V8 will avoid the slower "dictionary" mode
+ // http://youtu.be/XAqIpGU8ZZk#t=17m25s
+ var index = -1,
+ length = nativeMax(0, ceil((end - start) / step)),
+ result = Array(length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = start;
+ start += step;
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The opposite of `_.initial`, this method gets all but the first value of
+ * `array`. If a number `n` is passed, the first `n` values are excluded from
+ * the result. If a `callback` function is passed, elements at the beginning
+ * of the array are excluded from the result as long as the `callback` returns
+ * truthy. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias drop, tail
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+ * @param {Function|Object|Number|String} [callback|n=1] The function called
+ * per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or
+ * object is passed, it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
+ * style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.rest([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => [2, 3]
+ *
+ * _.rest([1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => [3]
+ *
+ * _.rest([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
+ * return num < 3;
+ * });
+ * // => [3]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false },
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.rest(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false }]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.rest(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+ */
+ function rest(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
+ var n = 0,
+ index = -1,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
+ n++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : nativeMax(0, callback);
+ }
+ return nativeSlice.call(array, n);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Uses a binary search to determine the smallest index at which the `value`
+ * should be inserted into `array` in order to maintain the sort order of the
+ * sorted `array`. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed for `value` and
+ * each element in `array` to compute their sort ranking. The `callback` is
+ * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to evaluate.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns the index at which the value should be inserted
+ * into `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.sortedIndex([20, 30, 50], 40);
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.sortedIndex([{ 'x': 20 }, { 'x': 30 }, { 'x': 50 }], { 'x': 40 }, 'x');
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * var dict = {
+ * 'wordToNumber': { 'twenty': 20, 'thirty': 30, 'fourty': 40, 'fifty': 50 }
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
+ * return dict.wordToNumber[word];
+ * });
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
+ * return this.wordToNumber[word];
+ * }, dict);
+ * // => 2
+ */
+ function sortedIndex(array, value, callback, thisArg) {
+ var low = 0,
+ high = array ? array.length : low;
+
+ // explicitly reference `identity` for better inlining in Firefox
+ callback = callback ? createCallback(callback, thisArg, 1) : identity;
+ value = callback(value);
+
+ while (low < high) {
+ var mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
+ (callback(array[mid]) < value)
+ ? low = mid + 1
+ : high = mid;
+ }
+ return low;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Computes the union of the passed-in arrays using strict equality for
+ * comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of unique values, in order, that are
+ * present in one or more of the arrays.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.union([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3, 101, 10]
+ */
+ function union(array) {
+ if (!isArray(array)) {
+ arguments[0] = array ? nativeSlice.call(array) : arrayRef;
+ }
+ return uniq(concat.apply(arrayRef, arguments));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a duplicate-value-free version of the `array` using strict equality
+ * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the `array` is already sorted, passing `true`
+ * for `isSorted` will run a faster algorithm. If `callback` is passed, each
+ * element of `array` is passed through the `callback` before uniqueness is computed.
+ * The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias unique
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+ * @param {Boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that the `array` is already sorted.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1]);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3]
+ *
+ * _.uniq([1, 1, 2, 2, 3], true);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3]
+ *
+ * _.uniq(['A', 'b', 'C', 'a', 'B', 'c'], function(letter) { return letter.toLowerCase(); });
+ * // => ['A', 'b', 'C']
+ *
+ * _.uniq([1, 2.5, 3, 1.5, 2, 3.5], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+ * // => [1, 2.5, 3]
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.uniq([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
+ * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
+ */
+ function uniq(array, isSorted, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ result = [],
+ seen = result;
+
+ if (typeof isSorted != 'boolean' && isSorted != null) {
+ thisArg = callback;
+ callback = isSorted;
+ isSorted = false;
+ }
+ if (callback != null) {
+ seen = [];
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ }
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index],
+ computed = callback ? callback(value, index, array) : value;
+
+ if (isSorted
+ ? !index || seen[seen.length - 1] !== computed
+ : indexOf(seen, computed) < 0
+ ) {
+ if (callback) {
+ seen.push(computed);
+ }
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The inverse of `_.zip`, this method splits groups of elements into arrays
+ * composed of elements from each group at their corresponding indexes.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the composed arrays.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.unzip([['moe', 30, true], ['larry', 40, false]]);
+ * // => [['moe', 'larry'], [30, 40], [true, false]];
+ */
+ function unzip(array) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = array ? max(pluck(array, 'length')) : 0,
+ result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = pluck(array, index);
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array with all occurrences of the passed values removed using
+ * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
+ * @param {Mixed} [value1, value2, ...] Values to remove.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new filtered array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0, 1);
+ * // => [2, 3, 4]
+ */
+ function without(array) {
+ return difference(array, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Groups the elements of each array at their corresponding indexes. Useful for
+ * separate data sources that are coordinated through matching array indexes.
+ * For a matrix of nested arrays, `_.zip.apply(...)` can transpose the matrix
+ * in a similar fashion.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of grouped elements.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.zip(['moe', 'larry'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
+ * // => [['moe', 30, true], ['larry', 40, false]]
+ */
+ function zip(array) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = array ? max(pluck(arguments, 'length')) : 0,
+ result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = pluck(arguments, index);
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed from arrays of `keys` and `values`. Pass either
+ * a single two dimensional array, i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`, or
+ * two arrays, one of `keys` and one of corresponding `values`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias object
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} keys The array of keys.
+ * @param {Array} [values=[]] The array of values.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the given keys and
+ * corresponding values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.zipObject(['moe', 'larry'], [30, 40]);
+ * // => { 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40 }
+ */
+ function zipObject(keys, values) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = keys ? keys.length : 0,
+ result = {};
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var key = keys[index];
+ if (values) {
+ result[key] = values[index];
+ } else {
+ result[key[0]] = key[1];
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * If `n` is greater than `0`, a function is created that is restricted to
+ * executing `func`, with the `this` binding and arguments of the created
+ * function, only after it is called `n` times. If `n` is less than `1`,
+ * `func` is executed immediately, without a `this` binding or additional
+ * arguments, and its result is returned.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Number} n The number of times the function must be called before
+ * it is executed.
+ * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var renderNotes = _.after(notes.length, render);
+ * _.forEach(notes, function(note) {
+ * note.asyncSave({ 'success': renderNotes });
+ * });
+ * // `renderNotes` is run once, after all notes have saved
+ */
+ function after(n, func) {
+ if (n < 1) {
+ return func();
+ }
+ return function() {
+ if (--n < 1) {
+ return func.apply(this, arguments);
+ }
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this`
+ * binding of `thisArg` and prepends any additional `bind` arguments to those
+ * passed to the bound function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+ * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to be partially applied.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var func = function(greeting) {
+ * return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
+ * };
+ *
+ * func = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }, 'hi');
+ * func();
+ * // => 'hi moe'
+ */
+ function bind(func, thisArg) {
+ // use `Function#bind` if it exists and is fast
+ // (in V8 `Function#bind` is slower except when partially applied)
+ return support.fastBind || (nativeBind && arguments.length > 2)
+ ? nativeBind.call.apply(nativeBind, arguments)
+ : createBound(func, thisArg, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Binds methods on `object` to `object`, overwriting the existing method.
+ * Method names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of method
+ * names. If no method names are provided, all the function properties of `object`
+ * will be bound.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
+ * @param {String} [methodName1, methodName2, ...] Method names on the object to bind.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var view = {
+ * 'label': 'docs',
+ * 'onClick': function() { alert('clicked ' + this.label); }
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.bindAll(view);
+ * jQuery('#docs').on('click', view.onClick);
+ * // => alerts 'clicked docs', when the button is clicked
+ */
+ function bindAll(object) {
+ var funcs = arguments.length > 1 ? concat.apply(arrayRef, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1)) : functions(object),
+ index = -1,
+ length = funcs.length;
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var key = funcs[index];
+ object[key] = bind(object[key], object);
+ }
+ return object;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that is the composition of the passed functions,
+ * where each function consumes the return value of the function that follows.
+ * For example, composing the functions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` produces `f(g(h()))`.
+ * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} [func1, func2, ...] Functions to compose.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new composed function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var greet = function(name) { return 'hi ' + name; };
+ * var exclaim = function(statement) { return statement + '!'; };
+ * var welcome = _.compose(exclaim, greet);
+ * welcome('moe');
+ * // => 'hi moe!'
+ */
+ function compose() {
+ var funcs = arguments;
+ return function() {
+ var args = arguments,
+ length = funcs.length;
+
+ while (length--) {
+ args = [funcs[length].apply(this, args)];
+ }
+ return args[0];
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Produces a callback bound to an optional `thisArg`. If `func` is a property
+ * name, the created callback will return the property value for a given element.
+ * If `func` is an object, the created callback will return `true` for elements
+ * that contain the equivalent object properties, otherwise it will return `false`.
+ *
+ * Note: All Lo-Dash methods, that accept a `callback` argument, use `_.createCallback`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Mixed} [func=identity] The value to convert to a callback.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of the created callback.
+ * @param {Number} [argCount=3] The number of arguments the callback accepts.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // wrap to create custom callback shorthands
+ * _.createCallback = _.wrap(_.createCallback, function(func, callback, thisArg) {
+ * var match = /^(.+?)__([gl]t)(.+)$/.exec(callback);
+ * return !match ? func(callback, thisArg) : function(object) {
+ * return match[2] == 'gt' ? object[match[1]] > match[3] : object[match[1]] < match[3];
+ * };
+ * });
+ *
+ * _.filter(stooges, 'age__gt45');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }]
+ *
+ * // create mixins with support for "_.pluck" and "_.where" callback shorthands
+ * _.mixin({
+ * 'toLookup': function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ * callback = _.createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ * return _.reduce(collection, function(result, value, index, collection) {
+ * return (result[callback(value, index, collection)] = value, result);
+ * }, {});
+ * }
+ * });
+ *
+ * _.toLookup(stooges, 'name');
+ * // => { 'moe': { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'larry': { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 } }
+ */
+ function createCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
+ if (func == null) {
+ return identity;
+ }
+ var type = typeof func;
+ if (type != 'function') {
+ if (type != 'object') {
+ return function(object) {
+ return object[func];
+ };
+ }
+ var props = keys(func);
+ return function(object) {
+ var length = props.length,
+ result = false;
+ while (length--) {
+ if (!(result = object[props[length]] === func[props[length]])) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ };
+ }
+ if (typeof thisArg == 'undefined') {
+ return func;
+ }
+ if (argCount === 1) {
+ return function(value) {
+ return func.call(thisArg, value);
+ };
+ }
+ if (argCount === 2) {
+ return function(a, b) {
+ return func.call(thisArg, a, b);
+ };
+ }
+ if (argCount === 4) {
+ return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
+ return func.call(thisArg, accumulator, value, index, collection);
+ };
+ }
+ return function(value, index, collection) {
+ return func.call(thisArg, value, index, collection);
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that will delay the execution of `func` until after
+ * `wait` milliseconds have elapsed since the last time it was invoked. Pass
+ * an `options` object to indicate that `func` should be invoked on the leading
+ * and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the debounced
+ * function will return the result of the last `func` call.
+ *
+ * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` will be called
+ * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the debounced function is
+ * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
+ * @param {Number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay.
+ * @param {Object} options The options object.
+ * [leading=false] A boolean to specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.
+ * [maxWait] The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's called.
+ * [trailing=true] A boolean to specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var lazyLayout = _.debounce(calculateLayout, 300);
+ * jQuery(window).on('resize', lazyLayout);
+ *
+ * jQuery('#postbox').on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 200, {
+ * 'leading': true,
+ * 'trailing': false
+ * });
+ */
+ function debounce(func, wait, immediate) {
+ var args,
+ result,
+ thisArg,
+ timeoutId = null;
+
+ function delayed() {
+ timeoutId = null;
+ if (!immediate) {
+ result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+ }
+ }
+ return function() {
+ var isImmediate = immediate && !timeoutId;
+ args = arguments;
+ thisArg = this;
+
+ clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+ timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);
+
+ if (isImmediate) {
+ result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+ }
+ return result;
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Defers executing the `func` function until the current call stack has cleared.
+ * Additional arguments will be passed to `func` when it is invoked.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
+ * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the function with.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns the timer id.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.defer(function() { alert('deferred'); });
+ * // returns from the function before `alert` is called
+ */
+ function defer(func) {
+ var args = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1);
+ return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, 1);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Executes the `func` function after `wait` milliseconds. Additional arguments
+ * will be passed to `func` when it is invoked.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
+ * @param {Number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay execution.
+ * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the function with.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns the timer id.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var log = _.bind(console.log, console);
+ * _.delay(log, 1000, 'logged later');
+ * // => 'logged later' (Appears after one second.)
+ */
+ function delay(func, wait) {
+ var args = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2);
+ return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
+ * passed, it will be used to determine the cache key for storing the result
+ * based on the arguments passed to the memoized function. By default, the first
+ * argument passed to the memoized function is used as the cache key. The `func`
+ * is executed with the `this` binding of the memoized function. The result
+ * cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
+ * @param {Function} [resolver] A function used to resolve the cache key.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var fibonacci = _.memoize(function(n) {
+ * return n < 2 ? n : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
+ * });
+ */
+ function memoize(func, resolver) {
+ var cache = {};
+ return function() {
+ var key = keyPrefix + (resolver ? resolver.apply(this, arguments) : arguments[0]);
+ return hasOwnProperty.call(cache, key)
+ ? cache[key]
+ : (cache[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that is restricted to execute `func` once. Repeat calls to
+ * the function will return the value of the first call. The `func` is executed
+ * with the `this` binding of the created function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
+ * initialize();
+ * initialize();
+ * // `initialize` executes `createApplication` once
+ */
+ function once(func) {
+ var ran,
+ result;
+
+ return function() {
+ if (ran) {
+ return result;
+ }
+ ran = true;
+ result = func.apply(this, arguments);
+
+ // clear the `func` variable so the function may be garbage collected
+ func = null;
+ return result;
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with any additional
+ * `partial` arguments prepended to those passed to the new function. This
+ * method is similar to `_.bind`, except it does **not** alter the `this` binding.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
+ * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to be partially applied.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var greet = function(greeting, name) { return greeting + ' ' + name; };
+ * var hi = _.partial(greet, 'hi');
+ * hi('moe');
+ * // => 'hi moe'
+ */
+ function partial(func) {
+ return createBound(func, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that, when executed, will only call the `func` function
+ * at most once per every `wait` milliseconds. Pass an `options` object to
+ * indicate that `func` should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge
+ * of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the throttled function will
+ * return the result of the last `func` call.
+ *
+ * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` will be called
+ * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the throttled function is
+ * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
+ * @param {Number} wait The number of milliseconds to throttle executions to.
+ * @param {Object} options The options object.
+ * [leading=true] A boolean to specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.
+ * [trailing=true] A boolean to specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var throttled = _.throttle(updatePosition, 100);
+ * jQuery(window).on('scroll', throttled);
+ *
+ * jQuery('.interactive').on('click', _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, {
+ * 'trailing': false
+ * }));
+ */
+ function throttle(func, wait) {
+ var args,
+ result,
+ thisArg,
+ lastCalled = 0,
+ timeoutId = null;
+
+ function trailingCall() {
+ lastCalled = new Date;
+ timeoutId = null;
+ result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+ }
+ return function() {
+ var now = new Date,
+ remaining = wait - (now - lastCalled);
+
+ args = arguments;
+ thisArg = this;
+
+ if (remaining <= 0) {
+ clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+ timeoutId = null;
+ lastCalled = now;
+ result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+ }
+ else if (!timeoutId) {
+ timeoutId = setTimeout(trailingCall, remaining);
+ }
+ return result;
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that passes `value` to the `wrapper` function as its
+ * first argument. Additional arguments passed to the function are appended
+ * to those passed to the `wrapper` function. The `wrapper` is executed with
+ * the `this` binding of the created function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Functions
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap.
+ * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var hello = function(name) { return 'hello ' + name; };
+ * hello = _.wrap(hello, function(func) {
+ * return 'before, ' + func('moe') + ', after';
+ * });
+ * hello();
+ * // => 'before, hello moe, after'
+ */
+ function wrap(value, wrapper) {
+ return function() {
+ var args = [value];
+ push.apply(args, arguments);
+ return wrapper.apply(this, args);
+ };
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Converts the characters `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'` in `string` to their
+ * corresponding HTML entities.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {String} string The string to escape.
+ * @returns {String} Returns the escaped string.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.escape('Moe, Larry & Curly');
+ * // => 'Moe, Larry & Curly'
+ */
+ function escape(string) {
+ return string == null ? '' : String(string).replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method returns the first argument passed to it.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {Mixed} value Any value.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns `value`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var moe = { 'name': 'moe' };
+ * moe === _.identity(moe);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function identity(value) {
+ return value;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Adds functions properties of `object` to the `lodash` function and chainable
+ * wrapper.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {Object} object The object of function properties to add to `lodash`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.mixin({
+ * 'capitalize': function(string) {
+ * return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1).toLowerCase();
+ * }
+ * });
+ *
+ * _.capitalize('moe');
+ * // => 'Moe'
+ *
+ * _('moe').capitalize();
+ * // => 'Moe'
+ */
+ function mixin(object) {
+ forEach(functions(object), function(methodName) {
+ var func = lodash[methodName] = object[methodName];
+
+ lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+ var args = [this.__wrapped__];
+ push.apply(args, arguments);
+
+ var result = func.apply(lodash, args);
+ if (this.__chain__) {
+ result = new lodashWrapper(result);
+ result.__chain__ = true;
+ }
+ return result;
+ };
+ });
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Reverts the '_' variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
+ * the `lodash` function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var lodash = _.noConflict();
+ */
+ function noConflict() {
+ window._ = oldDash;
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one
+ * argument is passed, a number between `0` and the given number will be returned.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {Number} [min=0] The minimum possible value.
+ * @param {Number} [max=1] The maximum possible value.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns a random number.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.random(0, 5);
+ * // => a number between 0 and 5
+ *
+ * _.random(5);
+ * // => also a number between 0 and 5
+ */
+ function random(min, max) {
+ if (min == null && max == null) {
+ max = 1;
+ }
+ min = +min || 0;
+ if (max == null) {
+ max = min;
+ min = 0;
+ } else {
+ max = +max || 0;
+ }
+ var rand = nativeRandom();
+ return (min % 1 || max % 1)
+ ? min + nativeMin(rand * (max - min + parseFloat('1e-' + ((rand +'').length - 1))), max)
+ : min + floor(rand * (max - min + 1));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Resolves the value of `property` on `object`. If `property` is a function,
+ * it will be invoked with the `this` binding of `object` and its result returned,
+ * else the property value is returned. If `object` is falsey, then `undefined`
+ * is returned.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @param {String} property The property to get the value of.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the resolved value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var object = {
+ * 'cheese': 'crumpets',
+ * 'stuff': function() {
+ * return 'nonsense';
+ * }
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.result(object, 'cheese');
+ * // => 'crumpets'
+ *
+ * _.result(object, 'stuff');
+ * // => 'nonsense'
+ */
+ function result(object, property) {
+ var value = object ? object[property] : null;
+ return isFunction(value) ? object[property]() : value;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * A micro-templating method that handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves
+ * whitespace, and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
+ *
+ * Note: In the development build, `_.template` utilizes sourceURLs for easier
+ * debugging. See http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
+ *
+ * For more information on precompiling templates see:
+ * http://lodash.com/#custom-builds
+ *
+ * For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see:
+ * http://developer.chrome.com/stable/extensions/sandboxingEval.html
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Utilities
+ * @param {String} text The template text.
+ * @param {Object} data The data object used to populate the text.
+ * @param {Object} options The options object.
+ * escape - The "escape" delimiter regexp.
+ * evaluate - The "evaluate" delimiter regexp.
+ * interpolate - The "interpolate" delimiter regexp.
+ * sourceURL - The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.
+ * variable - The data object variable name.
+ * @returns {Function|String} Returns a compiled function when no `data` object
+ * is given, else it returns the interpolated text.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * // using a compiled template
+ * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= name %>');
+ * compiled({ 'name': 'moe' });
+ * // => 'hello moe'
+ *
+ * var list = '<% _.forEach(people, function(name) { %><%= name %><% }); %>';
+ * _.template(list, { 'people': ['moe', 'larry'] });
+ * // => 'moelarry'
+ *
+ * // using the "escape" delimiter to escape HTML in data property values
+ * _.template('<%- value %>', { 'value': '