mirror of https://github.com/borgbackup/borg.git
188 lines
6.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
188 lines
6.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. include:: global.rst.inc
|
|
.. _quickstart:
|
|
|
|
Quick Start
|
|
===========
|
|
|
|
This chapter will get you started with |project_name|. The first section
|
|
presents a simple step by step example that uses |project_name| to backup data.
|
|
The next section continues by showing how backups can be automated.
|
|
|
|
A step by step example
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
1. Before a backup can be made a repository has to be initialized::
|
|
|
|
$ borg init /mnt/backup
|
|
|
|
2. Backup the ``~/src`` and ``~/Documents`` directories into an archive called
|
|
*Monday*::
|
|
|
|
$ borg create /mnt/backup::Monday ~/src ~/Documents
|
|
|
|
3. The next day create a new archive called *Tuesday*::
|
|
|
|
$ borg create --stats /mnt/backup::Tuesday ~/src ~/Documents
|
|
|
|
This backup will be a lot quicker and a lot smaller since only new never
|
|
before seen data is stored. The ``--stats`` option causes |project_name| to
|
|
output statistics about the newly created archive such as the amount of unique
|
|
data (not shared with other archives)::
|
|
|
|
Archive name: Tuesday
|
|
Archive fingerprint: 387a5e3f9b0e792e91ce87134b0f4bfe17677d9248cb5337f3fbf3a8e157942a
|
|
Start time: Tue Mar 25 12:00:10 2014
|
|
End time: Tue Mar 25 12:00:10 2014
|
|
Duration: 0.08 seconds
|
|
Number of files: 358
|
|
Original size Compressed size Deduplicated size
|
|
This archive: 57.16 MB 46.78 MB 151.67 kB
|
|
All archives: 114.02 MB 93.46 MB 44.81 MB
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. List all archives in the repository::
|
|
|
|
$ borg list /mnt/backup
|
|
Monday Mon Mar 24 11:59:35 2014
|
|
Tuesday Tue Mar 25 12:00:10 2014
|
|
|
|
5. List the contents of the *Monday* archive::
|
|
|
|
$ borg list /mnt/backup::Monday
|
|
drwxr-xr-x user group 0 Jan 06 15:22 home/user/Documents
|
|
-rw-r--r-- user group 7961 Nov 17 2012 home/user/Documents/Important.doc
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
6. Restore the *Monday* archive::
|
|
|
|
$ borg extract /mnt/backup::Monday
|
|
|
|
7. Recover disk space by manually deleting the *Monday* archive::
|
|
|
|
$ borg delete /mnt/backup::Monday
|
|
|
|
.. Note::
|
|
Borg is quiet by default. Add the ``-v`` or ``--verbose`` option to
|
|
get progress reporting during command execution.
|
|
|
|
Automating backups
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
The following example script backs up ``/home`` and ``/var/www`` to a remote
|
|
server. The script also uses the :ref:`borg_prune` subcommand to maintain a
|
|
certain number of old archives::
|
|
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
REPOSITORY=username@remoteserver.com:backup
|
|
|
|
# Backup all of /home and /var/www except a few
|
|
# excluded directories
|
|
borg create --stats \
|
|
$REPOSITORY::`hostname`-`date +%Y-%m-%d` \
|
|
/home \
|
|
/var/www \
|
|
--exclude /home/*/.cache \
|
|
--exclude /home/Ben/Music/Justin\ Bieber \
|
|
--exclude '*.pyc'
|
|
|
|
# Use the `prune` subcommand to maintain 7 daily, 4 weekly
|
|
# and 6 monthly archives.
|
|
borg prune -v $REPOSITORY --keep-daily=7 --keep-weekly=4 --keep-monthly=6
|
|
|
|
.. backup_compression:
|
|
|
|
Backup compression
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
Default is no compression, but we support different methods with high speed
|
|
or high compression:
|
|
|
|
If you have a quick repo storage and you want a little compression:
|
|
|
|
$ borg create --compression lz4 /mnt/backup::repo ~
|
|
|
|
If you have a medium fast repo storage and you want a bit more compression (N=0..9,
|
|
0 means no compression, 9 means high compression):
|
|
|
|
$ borg create --compression zlib,N /mnt/backup::repo ~
|
|
|
|
If you have a very slow repo storage and you want high compression (N=0..9, 0 means
|
|
low compression, 9 means high compression):
|
|
|
|
$ borg create --compression lzma,N /mnt/backup::repo ~
|
|
|
|
You'll need to experiment a bit to find the best compression for your use case.
|
|
Keep an eye on CPU load and throughput.
|
|
|
|
.. _encrypted_repos:
|
|
|
|
Repository encryption
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
Repository encryption is enabled at repository creation time::
|
|
|
|
$ borg init --encryption=repokey|keyfile PATH
|
|
|
|
When repository encryption is enabled all data is encrypted using 256-bit AES_
|
|
encryption and the integrity and authenticity is verified using `HMAC-SHA256`_.
|
|
|
|
All data is encrypted before being written to the repository. This means that
|
|
an attacker who manages to compromise the host containing an encrypted
|
|
archive will not be able to access any of the data.
|
|
|
|
|project_name| supports different methods to store the AES and HMAC keys.
|
|
|
|
``repokey`` mode
|
|
The key is stored inside the repository (in its "config" file).
|
|
Use this mode if you trust in your good passphrase giving you enough
|
|
protection.
|
|
|
|
``keyfile`` mode
|
|
The key is stored on your local disk (in ``~/.borg/keys/``).
|
|
Use this mode if you want "passphrase and having-the-key" security.
|
|
|
|
In both modes, the key is stored in encrypted form and can be only decrypted
|
|
by providing the correct passphrase.
|
|
|
|
For automated backups the passphrase can be specified using the
|
|
`BORG_PASSPHRASE` environment variable.
|
|
|
|
**The repository data is totally inaccessible without the key:**
|
|
Make a backup copy of the key file (``keyfile`` mode) or repo config
|
|
file (``repokey`` mode) and keep it at a safe place, so you still have
|
|
the key in case it gets corrupted or lost.
|
|
The backup that is encrypted with that key won't help you with that,
|
|
of course.
|
|
|
|
.. _remote_repos:
|
|
|
|
Remote repositories
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
|project_name| can initialize and access repositories on remote hosts if the
|
|
host is accessible using SSH. This is fastest and easiest when |project_name|
|
|
is installed on the remote host, in which case the following syntax is used::
|
|
|
|
$ borg init user@hostname:/mnt/backup
|
|
|
|
or::
|
|
|
|
$ borg init ssh://user@hostname:port//mnt/backup
|
|
|
|
Remote operations over SSH can be automated with SSH keys. You can restrict the
|
|
use of the SSH keypair by prepending a forced command to the SSH public key in
|
|
the remote server's authorized_keys file. Only the forced command will be run
|
|
when the key authenticates a connection. This example will start |project_name| in server
|
|
mode, and limit the |project_name| server to a specific filesystem path::
|
|
|
|
command="borg serve --restrict-to-path /mnt/backup" ssh-rsa AAAAB3[...]
|
|
|
|
If it is not possible to install |project_name| on the remote host,
|
|
it is still possible to use the remote host to store a repository by
|
|
mounting the remote filesystem, for example, using sshfs::
|
|
|
|
$ sshfs user@hostname:/mnt /mnt
|
|
$ borg init /mnt/backup
|
|
$ fusermount -u /mnt
|
|
|