mirror of https://github.com/borgbackup/borg.git
93 lines
3.8 KiB
PHP
93 lines
3.8 KiB
PHP
.. _borg_patterns:
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borg help patterns
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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::
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Exclusion patterns support four separate styles, fnmatch, shell, regular
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expressions and path prefixes. If followed by a colon (':') the first two
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characters of a pattern are used as a style selector. Explicit style
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selection is necessary when a non-default style is desired or when the
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desired pattern starts with two alphanumeric characters followed by a colon
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(i.e. `aa:something/*`).
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`Fnmatch <https://docs.python.org/3/library/fnmatch.html>`_, selector `fm:`
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These patterns use a variant of shell pattern syntax, with '*' matching
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any number of characters, '?' matching any single character, '[...]'
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matching any single character specified, including ranges, and '[!...]'
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matching any character not specified. For the purpose of these patterns,
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the path separator ('\' for Windows and '/' on other systems) is not
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treated specially. Wrap meta-characters in brackets for a literal match
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(i.e. `[?]` to match the literal character `?`). For a path to match
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a pattern, it must completely match from start to end, or must match from
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the start to just before a path separator. Except for the root path,
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paths will never end in the path separator when matching is attempted.
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Thus, if a given pattern ends in a path separator, a '*' is appended
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before matching is attempted.
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Shell-style patterns, selector `sh:`
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Like fnmatch patterns these are similar to shell patterns. The difference
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is that the pattern may include `**/` for matching zero or more directory
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levels, `*` for matching zero or more arbitrary characters with the
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exception of any path separator.
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Regular expressions, selector `re:`
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Regular expressions similar to those found in Perl are supported. Unlike
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shell patterns regular expressions are not required to match the complete
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path and any substring match is sufficient. It is strongly recommended to
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anchor patterns to the start ('^'), to the end ('$') or both. Path
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separators ('\' for Windows and '/' on other systems) in paths are
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always normalized to a forward slash ('/') before applying a pattern. The
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regular expression syntax is described in the `Python documentation for
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the re module <https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html>`_.
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Prefix path, selector `pp:`
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This pattern style is useful to match whole sub-directories. The pattern
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`pp:/data/bar` matches `/data/bar` and everything therein.
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Exclusions can be passed via the command line option `--exclude`. When used
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from within a shell the patterns should be quoted to protect them from
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expansion.
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The `--exclude-from` option permits loading exclusion patterns from a text
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file with one pattern per line. Lines empty or starting with the number sign
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('#') after removing whitespace on both ends are ignored. The optional style
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selector prefix is also supported for patterns loaded from a file. Due to
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whitespace removal paths with whitespace at the beginning or end can only be
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excluded using regular expressions.
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Examples:
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# Exclude '/home/user/file.o' but not '/home/user/file.odt':
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$ borg create -e '*.o' backup /
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# Exclude '/home/user/junk' and '/home/user/subdir/junk' but
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# not '/home/user/importantjunk' or '/etc/junk':
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$ borg create -e '/home/*/junk' backup /
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# Exclude the contents of '/home/user/cache' but not the directory itself:
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$ borg create -e /home/user/cache/ backup /
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# The file '/home/user/cache/important' is *not* backed up:
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$ borg create -e /home/user/cache/ backup / /home/user/cache/important
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# The contents of directories in '/home' are not backed up when their name
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# ends in '.tmp'
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$ borg create --exclude 're:^/home/[^/]+\.tmp/' backup /
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# Load exclusions from file
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$ cat >exclude.txt <<EOF
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# Comment line
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/home/*/junk
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*.tmp
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fm:aa:something/*
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re:^/home/[^/]\.tmp/
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sh:/home/*/.thumbnails
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EOF
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$ borg create --exclude-from exclude.txt backup /
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