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373 lines
No EOL
42 KiB
PHP
373 lines
No EOL
42 KiB
PHP
.. IMPORTANT: this file is auto-generated from borg's built-in help, do not edit!
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.. _borg_create:
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borg create
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-----------
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.. code-block:: none
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borg [common options] create [options] NAME [PATH...]
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.. only:: html
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.. class:: borg-options-table
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| **positional arguments** |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``NAME`` | specify the archive name |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``PATH`` | paths to archive |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| **optional arguments** |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``-n``, ``--dry-run`` | do not create a backup archive |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``-s``, ``--stats`` | print statistics for the created archive |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--list`` | output verbose list of items (files, dirs, ...) |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--filter STATUSCHARS`` | only display items with the given status characters (see description) |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--json`` | output stats as JSON. Implies ``--stats``. |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--prefer-adhoc-cache`` | experimental: prefer AdHocCache (w/o files cache) over AdHocWithFilesCache (with files cache). |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--stdin-name NAME`` | use NAME in archive for stdin data (default: 'stdin') |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--stdin-user USER`` | set user USER in archive for stdin data (default: do not store user/uid) |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--stdin-group GROUP`` | set group GROUP in archive for stdin data (default: do not store group/gid) |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--stdin-mode M`` | set mode to M in archive for stdin data (default: 0660) |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--content-from-command`` | interpret PATH as command and store its stdout. See also section Reading from stdin below. |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--paths-from-stdin`` | read DELIM-separated list of paths to back up from stdin. All control is external: it will back up all files given - no more, no less. |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--paths-from-command`` | interpret PATH as command and treat its output as ``--paths-from-stdin`` |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--paths-delimiter DELIM`` | set path delimiter for ``--paths-from-stdin`` and ``--paths-from-command`` (default: ``\n``) |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| .. class:: borg-common-opt-ref |
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| |
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| :ref:`common_options` |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| **Include/Exclude options** |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``-e PATTERN``, ``--exclude PATTERN`` | exclude paths matching PATTERN |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--exclude-from EXCLUDEFILE`` | read exclude patterns from EXCLUDEFILE, one per line |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--pattern PATTERN`` | include/exclude paths matching PATTERN |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--patterns-from PATTERNFILE`` | read include/exclude patterns from PATTERNFILE, one per line |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--exclude-caches`` | exclude directories that contain a CACHEDIR.TAG file (http://www.bford.info/cachedir/spec.html) |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--exclude-if-present NAME`` | exclude directories that are tagged by containing a filesystem object with the given NAME |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--keep-exclude-tags`` | if tag objects are specified with ``--exclude-if-present``, don't omit the tag objects themselves from the backup archive |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--exclude-nodump`` | exclude files flagged NODUMP |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| **Filesystem options** |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``-x``, ``--one-file-system`` | stay in the same file system and do not store mount points of other file systems - this might behave different from your expectations, see the description below. |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--numeric-ids`` | only store numeric user and group identifiers |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--atime`` | do store atime into archive |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--noctime`` | do not store ctime into archive |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--nobirthtime`` | do not store birthtime (creation date) into archive |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--noflags`` | do not read and store flags (e.g. NODUMP, IMMUTABLE) into archive |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--noacls`` | do not read and store ACLs into archive |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--noxattrs`` | do not read and store xattrs into archive |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--sparse`` | detect sparse holes in input (supported only by fixed chunker) |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--files-cache MODE`` | operate files cache in MODE. default: ctime,size,inode |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--read-special`` | open and read block and char device files as well as FIFOs as if they were regular files. Also follows symlinks pointing to these kinds of files. |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| **Archive options** |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--comment COMMENT`` | add a comment text to the archive |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--timestamp TIMESTAMP`` | manually specify the archive creation date/time (yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss[(+|-)HH:MM] format, (+|-)HH:MM is the UTC offset, default: local time zone). Alternatively, give a reference file/directory. |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``--chunker-params PARAMS`` | specify the chunker parameters (ALGO, CHUNK_MIN_EXP, CHUNK_MAX_EXP, HASH_MASK_BITS, HASH_WINDOW_SIZE). default: buzhash,19,23,21,4095 |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| | ``-C COMPRESSION``, ``--compression COMPRESSION`` | select compression algorithm, see the output of the "borg help compression" command for details. |
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+-------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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.. raw:: html
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<script type='text/javascript'>
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$(document).ready(function () {
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$('.borg-options-table colgroup').remove();
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})
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</script>
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.. only:: latex
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NAME
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specify the archive name
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PATH
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paths to archive
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optional arguments
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-n, --dry-run do not create a backup archive
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-s, --stats print statistics for the created archive
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--list output verbose list of items (files, dirs, ...)
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--filter STATUSCHARS only display items with the given status characters (see description)
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--json output stats as JSON. Implies ``--stats``.
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--prefer-adhoc-cache experimental: prefer AdHocCache (w/o files cache) over AdHocWithFilesCache (with files cache).
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--stdin-name NAME use NAME in archive for stdin data (default: 'stdin')
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--stdin-user USER set user USER in archive for stdin data (default: do not store user/uid)
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--stdin-group GROUP set group GROUP in archive for stdin data (default: do not store group/gid)
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--stdin-mode M set mode to M in archive for stdin data (default: 0660)
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--content-from-command interpret PATH as command and store its stdout. See also section Reading from stdin below.
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--paths-from-stdin read DELIM-separated list of paths to back up from stdin. All control is external: it will back up all files given - no more, no less.
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--paths-from-command interpret PATH as command and treat its output as ``--paths-from-stdin``
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--paths-delimiter DELIM set path delimiter for ``--paths-from-stdin`` and ``--paths-from-command`` (default: ``\n``)
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:ref:`common_options`
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Include/Exclude options
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-e PATTERN, --exclude PATTERN exclude paths matching PATTERN
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--exclude-from EXCLUDEFILE read exclude patterns from EXCLUDEFILE, one per line
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--pattern PATTERN include/exclude paths matching PATTERN
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--patterns-from PATTERNFILE read include/exclude patterns from PATTERNFILE, one per line
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--exclude-caches exclude directories that contain a CACHEDIR.TAG file (http://www.bford.info/cachedir/spec.html)
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--exclude-if-present NAME exclude directories that are tagged by containing a filesystem object with the given NAME
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--keep-exclude-tags if tag objects are specified with ``--exclude-if-present``, don't omit the tag objects themselves from the backup archive
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--exclude-nodump exclude files flagged NODUMP
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Filesystem options
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-x, --one-file-system stay in the same file system and do not store mount points of other file systems - this might behave different from your expectations, see the description below.
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--numeric-ids only store numeric user and group identifiers
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--atime do store atime into archive
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--noctime do not store ctime into archive
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--nobirthtime do not store birthtime (creation date) into archive
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--noflags do not read and store flags (e.g. NODUMP, IMMUTABLE) into archive
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--noacls do not read and store ACLs into archive
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--noxattrs do not read and store xattrs into archive
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--sparse detect sparse holes in input (supported only by fixed chunker)
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--files-cache MODE operate files cache in MODE. default: ctime,size,inode
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--read-special open and read block and char device files as well as FIFOs as if they were regular files. Also follows symlinks pointing to these kinds of files.
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Archive options
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--comment COMMENT add a comment text to the archive
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--timestamp TIMESTAMP manually specify the archive creation date/time (yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss[(+|-)HH:MM] format, (+|-)HH:MM is the UTC offset, default: local time zone). Alternatively, give a reference file/directory.
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--chunker-params PARAMS specify the chunker parameters (ALGO, CHUNK_MIN_EXP, CHUNK_MAX_EXP, HASH_MASK_BITS, HASH_WINDOW_SIZE). default: buzhash,19,23,21,4095
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-C COMPRESSION, --compression COMPRESSION select compression algorithm, see the output of the "borg help compression" command for details.
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Description
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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This command creates a backup archive containing all files found while recursively
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traversing all paths specified. Paths are added to the archive as they are given,
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that means if relative paths are desired, the command has to be run from the correct
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directory.
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The slashdot hack in paths (recursion roots) is triggered by using ``/./``:
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``/this/gets/stripped/./this/gets/archived`` means to process that fs object, but
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strip the prefix on the left side of ``./`` from the archived items (in this case,
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``this/gets/archived`` will be the path in the archived item).
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When giving '-' as path, borg will read data from standard input and create a
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file 'stdin' in the created archive from that data. In some cases it's more
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appropriate to use --content-from-command, however. See section *Reading from
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stdin* below for details.
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The archive will consume almost no disk space for files or parts of files that
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have already been stored in other archives.
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The archive name needs to be unique.
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In the archive name, you may use the following placeholders:
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{now}, {utcnow}, {fqdn}, {hostname}, {user} and some others.
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Backup speed is increased by not reprocessing files that are already part of
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existing archives and weren't modified. The detection of unmodified files is
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done by comparing multiple file metadata values with previous values kept in
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the files cache.
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This comparison can operate in different modes as given by ``--files-cache``:
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- ctime,size,inode (default)
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- mtime,size,inode (default behaviour of borg versions older than 1.1.0rc4)
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- ctime,size (ignore the inode number)
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- mtime,size (ignore the inode number)
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- rechunk,ctime (all files are considered modified - rechunk, cache ctime)
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- rechunk,mtime (all files are considered modified - rechunk, cache mtime)
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- disabled (disable the files cache, all files considered modified - rechunk)
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inode number: better safety, but often unstable on network filesystems
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Normally, detecting file modifications will take inode information into
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consideration to improve the reliability of file change detection.
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This is problematic for files located on sshfs and similar network file
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systems which do not provide stable inode numbers, such files will always
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be considered modified. You can use modes without `inode` in this case to
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improve performance, but reliability of change detection might be reduced.
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ctime vs. mtime: safety vs. speed
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- ctime is a rather safe way to detect changes to a file (metadata and contents)
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as it can not be set from userspace. But, a metadata-only change will already
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update the ctime, so there might be some unnecessary chunking/hashing even
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without content changes. Some filesystems do not support ctime (change time).
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E.g. doing a chown or chmod to a file will change its ctime.
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- mtime usually works and only updates if file contents were changed. But mtime
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can be arbitrarily set from userspace, e.g. to set mtime back to the same value
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it had before a content change happened. This can be used maliciously as well as
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well-meant, but in both cases mtime based cache modes can be problematic.
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The mount points of filesystems or filesystem snapshots should be the same for every
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creation of a new archive to ensure fast operation. This is because the file cache that
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is used to determine changed files quickly uses absolute filenames.
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If this is not possible, consider creating a bind mount to a stable location.
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The ``--progress`` option shows (from left to right) Original and (uncompressed)
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deduplicated size (O and U respectively), then the Number of files (N) processed so far,
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followed by the currently processed path.
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When using ``--stats``, you will get some statistics about how much data was
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added - the "This Archive" deduplicated size there is most interesting as that is
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how much your repository will grow. Please note that the "All archives" stats refer to
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the state after creation. Also, the ``--stats`` and ``--dry-run`` options are mutually
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exclusive because the data is not actually compressed and deduplicated during a dry run.
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For more help on include/exclude patterns, see the :ref:`borg_patterns` command output.
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For more help on placeholders, see the :ref:`borg_placeholders` command output.
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.. man NOTES
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The ``--exclude`` patterns are not like tar. In tar ``--exclude`` .bundler/gems will
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exclude foo/.bundler/gems. In borg it will not, you need to use ``--exclude``
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'\*/.bundler/gems' to get the same effect.
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In addition to using ``--exclude`` patterns, it is possible to use
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``--exclude-if-present`` to specify the name of a filesystem object (e.g. a file
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or folder name) which, when contained within another folder, will prevent the
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containing folder from being backed up. By default, the containing folder and
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all of its contents will be omitted from the backup. If, however, you wish to
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only include the objects specified by ``--exclude-if-present`` in your backup,
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and not include any other contents of the containing folder, this can be enabled
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through using the ``--keep-exclude-tags`` option.
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The ``-x`` or ``--one-file-system`` option excludes directories, that are mountpoints (and everything in them).
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It detects mountpoints by comparing the device number from the output of ``stat()`` of the directory and its
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parent directory. Specifically, it excludes directories for which ``stat()`` reports a device number different
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from the device number of their parent.
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In general: be aware that there are directories with device number different from their parent, which the kernel
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does not consider a mountpoint and also the other way around.
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Linux examples for this are bind mounts (possibly same device number, but always a mountpoint) and ALL
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subvolumes of a btrfs (different device number from parent but not necessarily a mountpoint).
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macOS examples are the apfs mounts of a typical macOS installation.
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Therefore, when using ``--one-file-system``, you should double-check that the backup works as intended.
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.. _list_item_flags:
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Item flags
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++++++++++
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``--list`` outputs a list of all files, directories and other
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file system items it considered (no matter whether they had content changes
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or not). For each item, it prefixes a single-letter flag that indicates type
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and/or status of the item.
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If you are interested only in a subset of that output, you can give e.g.
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``--filter=AME`` and it will only show regular files with A, M or E status (see
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below).
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A uppercase character represents the status of a regular file relative to the
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"files" cache (not relative to the repo -- this is an issue if the files cache
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is not used). Metadata is stored in any case and for 'A' and 'M' also new data
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chunks are stored. For 'U' all data chunks refer to already existing chunks.
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- 'A' = regular file, added (see also :ref:`a_status_oddity` in the FAQ)
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- 'M' = regular file, modified
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- 'U' = regular file, unchanged
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- 'C' = regular file, it changed while we backed it up
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- 'E' = regular file, an error happened while accessing/reading *this* file
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A lowercase character means a file type other than a regular file,
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borg usually just stores their metadata:
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- 'd' = directory
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- 'b' = block device
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- 'c' = char device
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- 'h' = regular file, hardlink (to already seen inodes)
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- 's' = symlink
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- 'f' = fifo
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Other flags used include:
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- '+' = included, item would be backed up (if not in dry-run mode)
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- '-' = excluded, item would not be / was not backed up
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- 'i' = backup data was read from standard input (stdin)
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- '?' = missing status code (if you see this, please file a bug report!)
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Reading backup data from stdin
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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There are two methods to read from stdin. Either specify ``-`` as path and
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pipe directly to borg::
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backup-vm --id myvm --stdout | borg create REPO::ARCHIVE -
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Or use ``--content-from-command`` to have Borg manage the execution of the
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command and piping. If you do so, the first PATH argument is interpreted
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as command to execute and any further arguments are treated as arguments
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to the command::
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borg create --content-from-command REPO::ARCHIVE -- backup-vm --id myvm --stdout
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``--`` is used to ensure ``--id`` and ``--stdout`` are **not** considered
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arguments to ``borg`` but rather ``backup-vm``.
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The difference between the two approaches is that piping to borg creates an
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archive even if the command piping to borg exits with a failure. In this case,
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**one can end up with truncated output being backed up**. Using
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``--content-from-command``, in contrast, borg is guaranteed to fail without
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creating an archive should the command fail. The command is considered failed
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when it returned a non-zero exit code.
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Reading from stdin yields just a stream of data without file metadata
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associated with it, and the files cache is not needed at all. So it is
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safe to disable it via ``--files-cache disabled`` and speed up backup
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creation a bit.
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By default, the content read from stdin is stored in a file called 'stdin'.
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Use ``--stdin-name`` to change the name.
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Feeding all file paths from externally
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Usually, you give a starting path (recursion root) to borg and then borg
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automatically recurses, finds and backs up all fs objects contained in
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there (optionally considering include/exclude rules).
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If you need more control and you want to give every single fs object path
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to borg (maybe implementing your own recursion or your own rules), you can use
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``--paths-from-stdin`` or ``--paths-from-command`` (with the latter, borg will
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fail to create an archive should the command fail).
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Borg supports paths with the slashdot hack to strip path prefixes here also.
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So, be careful not to unintentionally trigger that. |