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603 lines
21 KiB
Groff
603 lines
21 KiB
Groff
.\" Man page generated from reStructuredText.
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.
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.TH BORG 1 "2017-02-05" "" "borg backup tool"
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.SH NAME
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borg \- deduplicating and encrypting backup tool
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.
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.nr rst2man-indent-level 0
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..
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..
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.de UNINDENT
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. RE
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..
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.sp
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borg [common options] <command> [options] [arguments]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.\" we don't include the README.rst here since we want to keep this terse.
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.
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.sp
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BorgBackup (short: Borg) is a deduplicating backup program.
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Optionally, it supports compression and authenticated encryption.
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.sp
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The main goal of Borg is to provide an efficient and secure way to backup data.
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The data deduplication technique used makes Borg suitable for daily backups
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since only changes are stored.
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The authenticated encryption technique makes it suitable for backups to not
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fully trusted targets.
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.sp
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Borg stores a set of files in an \fIarchive\fP\&. A \fIrepository\fP is a collection
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of \fIarchives\fP\&. The format of repositories is Borg\-specific. Borg does not
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distinguish archives from each other in a any way other than their name,
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it does not matter when or where archives where created (eg. different hosts).
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.SS A step\-by\-step example
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.INDENT 0.0
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.IP 1. 3
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Before a backup can be made a repository has to be initialized:
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.INDENT 3.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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$ borg init \-\-encryption=repokey /path/to/repo
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.IP 2. 3
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Backup the \fB~/src\fP and \fB~/Documents\fP directories into an archive called
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\fIMonday\fP:
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.INDENT 3.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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$ borg create /path/to/repo::Monday ~/src ~/Documents
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.IP 3. 3
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The next day create a new archive called \fITuesday\fP:
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.INDENT 3.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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$ borg create \-\-stats /path/to/repo::Tuesday ~/src ~/Documents
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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This backup will be a lot quicker and a lot smaller since only new never
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before seen data is stored. The \fB\-\-stats\fP option causes Borg to
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output statistics about the newly created archive such as the amount of unique
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data (not shared with other archives):
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.INDENT 3.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
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Archive name: Tuesday
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Archive fingerprint: bd31004d58f51ea06ff735d2e5ac49376901b21d58035f8fb05dbf866566e3c2
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Time (start): Tue, 2016\-02\-16 18:15:11
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Time (end): Tue, 2016\-02\-16 18:15:11
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Duration: 0.19 seconds
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Number of files: 127
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\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
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Original size Compressed size Deduplicated size
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This archive: 4.16 MB 4.17 MB 26.78 kB
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All archives: 8.33 MB 8.34 MB 4.19 MB
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Unique chunks Total chunks
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Chunk index: 132 261
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\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.IP 4. 3
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List all archives in the repository:
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.INDENT 3.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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$ borg list /path/to/repo
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Monday Mon, 2016\-02\-15 19:14:44
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Tuesday Tue, 2016\-02\-16 19:15:11
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.IP 5. 3
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List the contents of the \fIMonday\fP archive:
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.INDENT 3.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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$ borg list /path/to/repo::Monday
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drwxr\-xr\-x user group 0 Mon, 2016\-02\-15 18:22:30 home/user/Documents
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\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\- user group 7961 Mon, 2016\-02\-15 18:22:30 home/user/Documents/Important.doc
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\&...
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.IP 6. 3
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Restore the \fIMonday\fP archive by extracting the files relative to the current directory:
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.INDENT 3.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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$ borg extract /path/to/repo::Monday
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.IP 7. 3
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Recover disk space by manually deleting the \fIMonday\fP archive:
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.INDENT 3.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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$ borg delete /path/to/repo::Monday
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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\fBNOTE:\fP
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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Borg is quiet by default (it works on WARNING log level).
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You can use options like \fB\-\-progress\fP or \fB\-\-list\fP to get specific
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reports during command execution. You can also add the \fB\-v\fP (or
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\fB\-\-verbose\fP or \fB\-\-info\fP) option to adjust the log level to INFO to
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get other informational messages.
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.SH NOTES
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.SS Repository URLs
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.sp
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\fBLocal filesystem\fP (or locally mounted network filesystem):
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.sp
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\fB/path/to/repo\fP \- filesystem path to repo directory, absolute path
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.sp
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\fBpath/to/repo\fP \- filesystem path to repo directory, relative path
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.sp
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Also, stuff like \fB~/path/to/repo\fP or \fB~other/path/to/repo\fP works (this is
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expanded by your shell).
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.sp
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Note: you may also prepend a \fBfile://\fP to a filesystem path to get URL style.
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.sp
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\fBRemote repositories\fP accessed via ssh \fI\%user@host\fP:
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.sp
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\fBuser@host:/path/to/repo\fP \- remote repo, absolute path
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.sp
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\fBssh://user@host:port/path/to/repo\fP \- same, alternative syntax, port can be given
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.sp
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\fBRemote repositories with relative paths\fP can be given using this syntax:
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.sp
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\fBuser@host:path/to/repo\fP \- path relative to current directory
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.sp
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\fBuser@host:~/path/to/repo\fP \- path relative to user\(aqs home directory
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.sp
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\fBuser@host:~other/path/to/repo\fP \- path relative to other\(aqs home directory
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.sp
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Note: giving \fBuser@host:/./path/to/repo\fP or \fBuser@host:/~/path/to/repo\fP or
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\fBuser@host:/~other/path/to/repo\fP is also supported, but not required here.
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.sp
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\fBRemote repositories with relative paths, alternative syntax with port\fP:
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.sp
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\fBssh://user@host:port/./path/to/repo\fP \- path relative to current directory
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.sp
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\fBssh://user@host:port/~/path/to/repo\fP \- path relative to user\(aqs home directory
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.sp
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\fBssh://user@host:port/~other/path/to/repo\fP \- path relative to other\(aqs home directory
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.sp
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If you frequently need the same repo URL, it is a good idea to set the
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\fBBORG_REPO\fP environment variable to set a default for the repo URL:
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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export BORG_REPO=\(aqssh://user@host:port/path/to/repo\(aq
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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Then just leave away the repo URL if only a repo URL is needed and you want
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to use the default \- it will be read from BORG_REPO then.
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.sp
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Use \fB::\fP syntax to give the repo URL when syntax requires giving a positional
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argument for the repo (e.g. \fBborg mount :: /mnt\fP).
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.SS Repository / Archive Locations
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.sp
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Many commands want either a repository (just give the repo URL, see above) or
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an archive location, which is a repo URL followed by \fB::archive_name\fP\&.
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.sp
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Archive names must not contain the \fB/\fP (slash) character. For simplicity,
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maybe also avoid blanks or other characters that have special meaning on the
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shell or in a filesystem (borg mount will use the archive name as directory
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name).
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.sp
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If you have set BORG_REPO (see above) and an archive location is needed, use
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\fB::archive_name\fP \- the repo URL part is then read from BORG_REPO.
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.SS Type of log output
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.sp
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The log level of the builtin logging configuration defaults to WARNING.
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This is because we want Borg to be mostly silent and only output
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warnings, errors and critical messages, unless output has been requested
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by supplying an option that implies output (e.g. \fB\-\-list\fP or \fB\-\-progress\fP).
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.sp
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Log levels: DEBUG < INFO < WARNING < ERROR < CRITICAL
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.sp
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Use \fB\-\-debug\fP to set DEBUG log level \-
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to get debug, info, warning, error and critical level output.
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.sp
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Use \fB\-\-info\fP (or \fB\-v\fP or \fB\-\-verbose\fP) to set INFO log level \-
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to get info, warning, error and critical level output.
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.sp
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Use \fB\-\-warning\fP (default) to set WARNING log level \-
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to get warning, error and critical level output.
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.sp
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Use \fB\-\-error\fP to set ERROR log level \-
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to get error and critical level output.
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.sp
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Use \fB\-\-critical\fP to set CRITICAL log level \-
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to get critical level output.
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.sp
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While you can set misc. log levels, do not expect that every command will
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give different output on different log levels \- it\(aqs just a possibility.
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.sp
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\fBWARNING:\fP
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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Options \fB\-\-critical\fP and \fB\-\-error\fP are provided for completeness,
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their usage is not recommended as you might miss important information.
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.SS Return codes
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.sp
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Borg can exit with the following return codes (rc):
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.TS
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center;
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|l|l|.
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_
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T{
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Return code
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T} T{
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Meaning
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T}
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_
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T{
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0
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T} T{
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success (logged as INFO)
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T}
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_
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T{
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1
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T} T{
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warning (operation reached its normal end, but there were warnings \-\-
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you should check the log, logged as WARNING)
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T}
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_
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T{
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2
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T} T{
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error (like a fatal error, a local or remote exception, the operation
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did not reach its normal end, logged as ERROR)
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T}
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_
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T{
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128+N
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T} T{
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killed by signal N (e.g. 137 == kill \-9)
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T}
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_
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.TE
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.sp
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If you use \fB\-\-show\-rc\fP, the return code is also logged at the indicated
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level as the last log entry.
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.SS Environment Variables
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.sp
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Borg uses some environment variables for automation:
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.INDENT 0.0
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.TP
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.B General:
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.INDENT 7.0
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.TP
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.B BORG_REPO
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When set, use the value to give the default repository location. If a command needs an archive
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parameter, you can abbreviate as \fB::archive\fP\&. If a command needs a repository parameter, you
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can either leave it away or abbreviate as \fB::\fP, if a positional parameter is required.
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.TP
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.B BORG_PASSPHRASE
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When set, use the value to answer the passphrase question for encrypted repositories.
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It is used when a passphrase is needed to access an encrypted repo as well as when a new
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passphrase should be initially set when initializing an encrypted repo.
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See also BORG_NEW_PASSPHRASE.
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.TP
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.B BORG_PASSCOMMAND
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When set, use the standard output of the command (trailing newlines are stripped) to answer the
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passphrase question for encrypted repositories.
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It is used when a passphrase is needed to access an encrypted repo as well as when a new
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passphrase should be initially set when initializing an encrypted repo.
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If BORG_PASSPHRASE is also set, it takes precedence.
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See also BORG_NEW_PASSPHRASE.
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.TP
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.B BORG_NEW_PASSPHRASE
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When set, use the value to answer the passphrase question when a \fBnew\fP passphrase is asked for.
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This variable is checked first. If it is not set, BORG_PASSPHRASE and BORG_PASSCOMMAND will also
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be checked.
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Main usecase for this is to fully automate \fBborg change\-passphrase\fP\&.
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.TP
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.B BORG_DISPLAY_PASSPHRASE
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When set, use the value to answer the "display the passphrase for verification" question when defining a new passphrase for encrypted repositories.
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.TP
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.B BORG_HOSTNAME_IS_UNIQUE=no
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Borg assumes that it can derive a unique hostname / identity (see \fBborg debug info\fP).
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If this is not the case or you do not want Borg to automatically remove stale locks,
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set this to \fIno\fP\&.
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.TP
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.B BORG_LOGGING_CONF
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When set, use the given filename as \fI\%INI\fP\-style logging configuration.
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.TP
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.B BORG_RSH
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When set, use this command instead of \fBssh\fP\&. This can be used to specify ssh options, such as
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a custom identity file \fBssh \-i /path/to/private/key\fP\&. See \fBman ssh\fP for other options.
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.TP
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.B BORG_REMOTE_PATH
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When set, use the given path as borg executable on the remote (defaults to "borg" if unset).
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Using \fB\-\-remote\-path PATH\fP commandline option overrides the environment variable.
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.TP
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.B BORG_FILES_CACHE_TTL
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When set to a numeric value, this determines the maximum "time to live" for the files cache
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entries (default: 20). The files cache is used to quickly determine whether a file is unchanged.
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The FAQ explains this more detailed in: \fIalways_chunking\fP
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.TP
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.B TMPDIR
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where temporary files are stored (might need a lot of temporary space for some operations)
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.UNINDENT
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.TP
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.B Some automatic "answerers" (if set, they automatically answer confirmation questions):
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.INDENT 7.0
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.TP
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.B BORG_UNKNOWN_UNENCRYPTED_REPO_ACCESS_IS_OK=no (or =yes)
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For "Warning: Attempting to access a previously unknown unencrypted repository"
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.TP
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.B BORG_RELOCATED_REPO_ACCESS_IS_OK=no (or =yes)
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For "Warning: The repository at location ... was previously located at ..."
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.TP
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.B BORG_CHECK_I_KNOW_WHAT_I_AM_DOING=NO (or =YES)
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For "Warning: \(aqcheck \-\-repair\(aq is an experimental feature that might result in data loss."
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.TP
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.B BORG_DELETE_I_KNOW_WHAT_I_AM_DOING=NO (or =YES)
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For "You requested to completely DELETE the repository \fIincluding\fP all archives it contains:"
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.TP
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.B BORG_RECREATE_I_KNOW_WHAT_I_AM_DOING=NO (or =YES)
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For "recreate is an experimental feature."
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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Note: answers are case sensitive. setting an invalid answer value might either give the default
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answer or ask you interactively, depending on whether retries are allowed (they by default are
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allowed). So please test your scripts interactively before making them a non\-interactive script.
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.TP
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.B Directories and files:
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.INDENT 7.0
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.TP
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.B BORG_KEYS_DIR
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Default to \(aq~/.config/borg/keys\(aq. This directory contains keys for encrypted repositories.
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.TP
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.B BORG_KEY_FILE
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When set, use the given filename as repository key file.
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.TP
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.B BORG_SECURITY_DIR
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Default to \(aq~/.config/borg/security\(aq. This directory contains information borg uses to
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track its usage of NONCES ("numbers used once" \- usually in encryption context) and other
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security relevant data.
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.TP
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.B BORG_CACHE_DIR
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Default to \(aq~/.cache/borg\(aq. This directory contains the local cache and might need a lot
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of space for dealing with big repositories).
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.UNINDENT
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.TP
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.B Building:
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.INDENT 7.0
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.TP
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.B BORG_OPENSSL_PREFIX
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Adds given OpenSSL header file directory to the default locations (setup.py).
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.TP
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.B BORG_LZ4_PREFIX
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Adds given LZ4 header file directory to the default locations (setup.py).
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.TP
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.B BORG_LIBB2_PREFIX
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Adds given prefix directory to the default locations. If a \(aqinclude/blake2.h\(aq is found Borg
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will be linked against the system libb2 instead of a bundled implementation. (setup.py)
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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Please note:
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.INDENT 0.0
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.IP \(bu 2
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be very careful when using the "yes" sayers, the warnings with prompt exist for your / your data\(aqs security/safety
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.IP \(bu 2
|
|
also be very careful when putting your passphrase into a script, make sure it has appropriate file permissions
|
|
(e.g. mode 600, root:root).
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.SS File systems
|
|
.sp
|
|
We strongly recommend against using Borg (or any other database\-like
|
|
software) on non\-journaling file systems like FAT, since it is not
|
|
possible to assume any consistency in case of power failures (or a
|
|
sudden disconnect of an external drive or similar failures).
|
|
.sp
|
|
While Borg uses a data store that is resilient against these failures
|
|
when used on journaling file systems, it is not possible to guarantee
|
|
this with some hardware \-\- independent of the software used. We don\(aqt
|
|
know a list of affected hardware.
|
|
.sp
|
|
If you are suspicious whether your Borg repository is still consistent
|
|
and readable after one of the failures mentioned above occurred, run
|
|
\fBborg check \-\-verify\-data\fP to make sure it is consistent.
|
|
.SS Units
|
|
.sp
|
|
To display quantities, Borg takes care of respecting the
|
|
usual conventions of scale. Disk sizes are displayed in \fI\%decimal\fP, using powers of ten (so
|
|
\fBkB\fP means 1000 bytes). For memory usage, \fI\%binary prefixes\fP are used, and are
|
|
indicated using the \fI\%IEC binary prefixes\fP,
|
|
using powers of two (so \fBKiB\fP means 1024 bytes).
|
|
.SS Date and Time
|
|
.sp
|
|
We format date and time conforming to ISO\-8601, that is: YYYY\-MM\-DD and
|
|
HH:MM:SS (24h clock).
|
|
.sp
|
|
For more information about that, see: \fI\%https://xkcd.com/1179/\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
Unless otherwise noted, we display local date and time.
|
|
Internally, we store and process date and time as UTC.
|
|
.SS Resource Usage
|
|
.sp
|
|
Borg might use a lot of resources depending on the size of the data set it is dealing with.
|
|
.sp
|
|
If one uses Borg in a client/server way (with a ssh: repository),
|
|
the resource usage occurs in part on the client and in another part on the
|
|
server.
|
|
.sp
|
|
If one uses Borg as a single process (with a filesystem repo),
|
|
all the resource usage occurs in that one process, so just add up client +
|
|
server to get the approximate resource usage.
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B CPU client:
|
|
borg create: does chunking, hashing, compression, crypto (high CPU usage)
|
|
chunks cache sync: quite heavy on CPU, doing lots of hashtable operations.
|
|
borg extract: crypto, decompression (medium to high CPU usage)
|
|
borg check: similar to extract, but depends on options given.
|
|
borg prune / borg delete archive: low to medium CPU usage
|
|
borg delete repo: done on the server
|
|
It won\(aqt go beyond 100% of 1 core as the code is currently single\-threaded.
|
|
Especially higher zlib and lzma compression levels use significant amounts
|
|
of CPU cycles. Crypto might be cheap on the CPU (if hardware accelerated) or
|
|
expensive (if not).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B CPU server:
|
|
It usually doesn\(aqt need much CPU, it just deals with the key/value store
|
|
(repository) and uses the repository index for that.
|
|
.sp
|
|
borg check: the repository check computes the checksums of all chunks
|
|
(medium CPU usage)
|
|
borg delete repo: low CPU usage
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B CPU (only for client/server operation):
|
|
When using borg in a client/server way with a \fI\%ssh:\-type\fP repo, the ssh
|
|
processes used for the transport layer will need some CPU on the client and
|
|
on the server due to the crypto they are doing \- esp. if you are pumping
|
|
big amounts of data.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Memory (RAM) client:
|
|
The chunks index and the files index are read into memory for performance
|
|
reasons. Might need big amounts of memory (see below).
|
|
Compression, esp. lzma compression with high levels might need substantial
|
|
amounts of memory.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Memory (RAM) server:
|
|
The server process will load the repository index into memory. Might need
|
|
considerable amounts of memory, but less than on the client (see below).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Chunks index (client only):
|
|
Proportional to the amount of data chunks in your repo. Lots of chunks
|
|
in your repo imply a big chunks index.
|
|
It is possible to tweak the chunker params (see create options).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Files index (client only):
|
|
Proportional to the amount of files in your last backups. Can be switched
|
|
off (see create options), but next backup might be much slower if you do.
|
|
The speed benefit of using the files cache is proportional to file size.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Repository index (server only):
|
|
Proportional to the amount of data chunks in your repo. Lots of chunks
|
|
in your repo imply a big repository index.
|
|
It is possible to tweak the chunker params (see create options) to
|
|
influence the amount of chunks being created.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Temporary files (client):
|
|
Reading data and metadata from a FUSE mounted repository will consume up to
|
|
the size of all deduplicated, small chunks in the repository. Big chunks
|
|
won\(aqt be locally cached.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Temporary files (server):
|
|
None.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Cache files (client only):
|
|
Contains the chunks index and files index (plus a collection of single\-
|
|
archive chunk indexes which might need huge amounts of disk space,
|
|
depending on archive count and size \- see FAQ about how to reduce).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Network (only for client/server operation):
|
|
If your repository is remote, all deduplicated (and optionally compressed/
|
|
encrypted) data of course has to go over the connection (\fBssh://\fP repo url).
|
|
If you use a locally mounted network filesystem, additionally some copy
|
|
operations used for transaction support also go over the connection. If
|
|
you backup multiple sources to one target repository, additional traffic
|
|
happens for cache resynchronization.
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fIborg\-common(1)\fP for common command line options
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fIborg\-init(1)\fP,
|
|
\fIborg\-create(1)\fP, \fIborg\-mount(1)\fP, \fIborg\-extract(1)\fP,
|
|
\fIborg\-list(1)\fP, \fIborg\-info(1)\fP,
|
|
\fIborg\-delete(1)\fP, \fIborg\-prune(1)\fP,
|
|
\fIborg\-recreate(1)\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fIborg\-compression(1)\fP, \fIborg\-patterns(1)\fP, \fIborg\-placeholders(1)\fP
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.IP \(bu 2
|
|
Main web site \fI\%https://borgbackup.readthedocs.org/\fP
|
|
.IP \(bu 2
|
|
Releases \fI\%https://github.com/borgbackup/borg/releases\fP
|
|
.IP \(bu 2
|
|
Changelog \fI\%https://github.com/borgbackup/borg/blob/master/docs/changes.rst\fP
|
|
.IP \(bu 2
|
|
GitHub \fI\%https://github.com/borgbackup/borg\fP
|
|
.IP \(bu 2
|
|
Security contact \fI\%https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/latest/support.html#security\-contact\fP
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.SH AUTHOR
|
|
The Borg Collective
|
|
.\" Generated by docutils manpage writer.
|
|
.
|