borg/docs/installation.rst

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.. include:: global.rst.inc
.. highlight:: bash
.. _installation:
Installation
============
There are different ways to install |project_name|:
- :ref:`distribution-package` - easy and fast if a package is
available from your distribution.
- :ref:`pyinstaller-binary` - easy and fast, we provide a ready-to-use binary file
that comes bundled with all dependencies.
- :ref:`source-install`, either:
- :ref:`pip-installation` - installing a source package with pip needs
more installation steps and requires all dependencies with
development headers and a compiler.
- :ref:`git-installation` - for developers and power users who want to
have the latest code or use revision control (each release is
tagged).
.. _distribution-package:
Distribution Package
--------------------
Some distributions might offer a ready-to-use ``borgbackup``
package which can be installed with the package manager. As |project_name| is
still a young project, such a package might be not available for your system
yet.
============ ============================================= =======
Distribution Source Command
============ ============================================= =======
Arch Linux `[community]`_ ``pacman -S borg``
Debian `stretch`_, `unstable/sid`_ ``apt install borgbackup``
NetBSD `pkgsrc`_ ``pkg_add py-borgbackup``
NixOS `.nix file`_ N/A
OS X `Brew cask`_ ``brew cask install borgbackup``
Ubuntu `Xenial 16.04`_, `Wily 15.10 (backport PPA)`_ ``apt install borgbackup``
Ubuntu `Trusty 14.04 (backport PPA)`_ ``apt install borgbackup``
============ ============================================= =======
.. _[community]: https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=borg
.. _stretch: https://packages.debian.org/stretch/borgbackup
.. _unstable/sid: https://packages.debian.org/sid/borgbackup
.. _pkgsrc: http://pkgsrc.se/sysutils/py-borgbackup
.. _Xenial 16.04: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/+source/borgbackup
.. _Wily 15.10 (backport PPA): https://launchpad.net/~costamagnagianfranco/+archive/ubuntu/borgbackup
.. _Trusty 14.04 (backport PPA): https://launchpad.net/~costamagnagianfranco/+archive/ubuntu/borgbackup
.. _.nix file: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/tools/backup/borg/default.nix
.. _Brew cask: http://caskroom.io/
Please ask package maintainers to build a package or, if you can package /
submit it yourself, please help us with that! See :issue:`105` on
github to followup on packaging efforts.
If a package is available, it might be interesting to check its version
and compare that to our latest release and review the :doc:`changes`.
.. _pyinstaller-binary:
Standalone Binary
-----------------
.. note:: Releases are signed with an OpenPGP key, see
:ref:`security-contact` for more instructions.
|project_name| binaries (generated with `pyinstaller`_) are available
on the releases_ page for the following platforms:
* **Linux**: glibc >= 2.13 (ok for most supported Linux releases). Maybe older
glibc versions also work, if they are compatible to 2.13.
* **Mac OS X**: 10.10 (does not work with older OS X releases)
* **FreeBSD**: 10.2 (unknown whether it works for older releases)
To install such a binary, just drop it into a directory in your ``PATH``,
make borg readable and executable for its users and then you can run ``borg``::
sudo cp borg-linux64 /usr/local/bin/borg
sudo chown root:root /usr/local/bin/borg
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/borg
Note that the binary uses /tmp to unpack |project_name| with all dependencies.
It will fail if /tmp has not enough free space or is mounted with the ``noexec`` option.
You can change the temporary directory by setting the ``TEMP`` environment variable before running |project_name|.
If a new version is released, you will have to manually download it and replace
the old version using the same steps as shown above.
.. _pyinstaller: http://www.pyinstaller.org
.. _releases: https://github.com/borgbackup/borg/releases
.. _platforms:
Features & platforms
--------------------
Besides regular file and directory structures, |project_name| can preserve
* Hardlinks (considering all files in the same archive)
* Symlinks (stored as symlink, the symlink is not followed)
* Special files:
* Character and block device files (restored via mknod)
* FIFOs ("named pipes")
* Special file *contents* can be backed up in ``--read-special`` mode.
By default the metadata to create them with mknod(2), mkfifo(2) etc. is stored.
* Timestamps in nanosecond precision: mtime, atime, ctime
* Permissions:
* IDs of owning user and owning group
* Names of owning user and owning group (if the IDs can be resolved)
* Unix Mode/Permissions (u/g/o permissions, suid, sgid, sticky)
On some platforms additional features are supported:
.. Yes/No's are grouped by reason/mechanism/reference.
+------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
| Platform | ACLs | xattr | Flags |
| | [#acls]_ | [#xattr]_ | [#flags]_ |
+==================+==========+===========+============+
| Linux x86 | Yes | Yes | No |
+------------------+ | | |
| Linux PowerPC | | | |
+------------------+ | | |
| Linux ARM | | | |
+------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
| Mac OS X | Yes | Yes | Yes (all) |
+------------------+----------+-----------+ |
| FreeBSD | Yes | Yes | |
+------------------+----------+-----------+ |
| OpenBSD | n/a | n/a | |
+------------------+----------+-----------+ |
| NetBSD | n/a | No [2]_ | |
+------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
| Solaris 11 | No [3]_ | n/a |
+------------------+ | |
| OpenIndiana | | |
+------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
| Windows (cygwin) | No [4]_ | No | No |
+------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
Some Distributions (e.g. Debian) run additional tests after each release, these
are not reflected here.
Other Unix-like operating systems may work as well, but have not been tested at all.
Note that most of the platform-dependent features also depend on the file system.
For example, ntfs-3g on Linux isn't able to convey NTFS ACLs.
.. [2] Feature request :issue:`1332`
.. [3] Feature request :issue:`1337`
.. [4] Cygwin tries to map NTFS ACLs to permissions with varying degress of success.
.. [#acls] The native access control list mechanism of the OS. This normally limits access to
non-native ACLs. For example, NTFS ACLs aren't completely accessible on Linux with ntfs-3g.
.. [#xattr] extended attributes; key-value pairs attached to a file, mainly used by the OS.
This includes resource forks on Mac OS X.
.. [#flags] aka *BSD flags*.
.. _source-install:
From Source
-----------
Dependencies
~~~~~~~~~~~~
To install |project_name| from a source package (including pip), you have to install the
following dependencies first:
* `Python 3`_ >= 3.4.0, plus development headers. Even though Python 3 is not
the default Python version on most systems, it is usually available as an
optional install.
* OpenSSL_ >= 1.0.0, plus development headers.
* libacl_ (that pulls in libattr_ also), both plus development headers.
* liblz4_, plus development headers.
* some Python dependencies, pip will automatically install them for you
* optionally, the llfuse_ Python package is required if you wish to mount an
archive as a FUSE filesystem. See setup.py about the version requirements.
If you have troubles finding the right package names, have a look at the
distribution specific sections below and also at the Vagrantfile in our repo.
In the following, the steps needed to install the dependencies are listed for a
selection of platforms. If your distribution is not covered by these
instructions, try to use your package manager to install the dependencies. On
FreeBSD, you may need to get a recent enough OpenSSL version from FreeBSD
ports.
After you have installed the dependencies, you can proceed with steps outlined
under :ref:`pip-installation`.
Debian / Ubuntu
+++++++++++++++
Install the dependencies with development headers::
sudo apt-get install python3 python3-dev python3-pip python-virtualenv \
libssl-dev openssl \
libacl1-dev libacl1 \
liblz4-dev liblz4-1 \
build-essential
sudo apt-get install libfuse-dev fuse pkg-config # optional, for FUSE support
In case you get complaints about permission denied on ``/etc/fuse.conf``: on
Ubuntu this means your user is not in the ``fuse`` group. Add yourself to that
group, log out and log in again.
Fedora / Korora
+++++++++++++++
Install the dependencies with development headers::
sudo dnf install python3 python3-devel python3-pip python3-virtualenv
sudo dnf install openssl-devel openssl
sudo dnf install libacl-devel libacl
sudo dnf install lz4-devel
sudo dnf install gcc gcc-c++
sudo dnf install fuse-devel fuse pkgconfig # optional, for FUSE support
Mac OS X
++++++++
Assuming you have installed homebrew_, the following steps will install all the
dependencies::
brew install python3 lz4 openssl
brew install pkg-config # optional, for FUSE support
pip3 install virtualenv
For FUSE support to mount the backup archives, you need at least version 3.0 of
FUSE for OS X, which is available as a pre-release_.
.. _pre-release: https://github.com/osxfuse/osxfuse/releases
FreeBSD
++++++++
Listed below are packages you will need to install |project_name|, its dependencies,
and commands to make fuse work for using the mount command.
::
pkg install -y python3 openssl liblz4 fusefs-libs pkgconf
pkg install -y git
python3.4 -m ensurepip # to install pip for Python3
To use the mount command:
echo 'fuse_load="YES"' >> /boot/loader.conf
echo 'vfs.usermount=1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
kldload fuse
sysctl vfs.usermount=1
Cygwin
++++++
.. note::
Running under Cygwin is experimental and has only been tested with Cygwin
(x86-64) v2.5.2.
Use the Cygwin installer to install the dependencies::
python3 python3-setuptools
binutils gcc-g++
libopenssl openssl-devel
liblz4_1 liblz4-devel
git make openssh
You can then install ``pip`` and ``virtualenv``::
easy_install-3.4 pip
pip install virtualenv
.. _pip-installation:
Using pip
~~~~~~~~~
Virtualenv_ can be used to build and install |project_name| without affecting
the system Python or requiring root access. Using a virtual environment is
optional, but recommended except for the most simple use cases.
.. note::
If you install into a virtual environment, you need to **activate** it
first (``source borg-env/bin/activate``), before running ``borg``.
Alternatively, symlink ``borg-env/bin/borg`` into some directory that is in
your ``PATH`` so you can just run ``borg``.
This will use ``pip`` to install the latest release from PyPi::
virtualenv --python=python3 borg-env
source borg-env/bin/activate
# install Borg + Python dependencies into virtualenv
pip install borgbackup
# or alternatively (if you want FUSE support):
pip install borgbackup[fuse]
To upgrade |project_name| to a new version later, run the following after
activating your virtual environment::
pip install -U borgbackup # or ... borgbackup[fuse]
.. _git-installation:
Using git
~~~~~~~~~
This uses latest, unreleased development code from git.
While we try not to break master, there are no guarantees on anything. ::
# get borg from github
git clone https://github.com/borgbackup/borg.git
virtualenv --python=python3 borg-env
source borg-env/bin/activate # always before using!
# install borg + dependencies into virtualenv
pip install sphinx # optional, to build the docs
cd borg
pip install -r requirements.d/development.txt
pip install -r requirements.d/fuse.txt # optional, for FUSE support
pip install -e . # in-place editable mode
# optional: run all the tests, on all supported Python versions
# requires fakeroot, available through your package manager
fakeroot -u tox
.. note:: As a developer or power user, you always want to use a virtual environment.