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restic/doc/045_working_with_repos.rst
rawtaz fccb579471
doc: Improve check documentation
Make it clearer what the difference is between regular check and check with --read-data.
2019-12-10 21:15:59 +01:00

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..
Normally, there are no heading levels assigned to certain characters as the structure is
determined from the succession of headings. However, this convention is used in Pythons
Style Guide for documenting which you may follow:
# with overline, for parts
* for chapters
= for sections
- for subsections
^ for subsubsections
" for paragraphs
#########################
Working with repositories
#########################
Listing all snapshots
=====================
Now, you can list all the snapshots stored in the repository:
.. code-block:: console
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo snapshots
enter password for repository:
ID Date Host Tags Directory
----------------------------------------------------------------------
40dc1520 2015-05-08 21:38:30 kasimir /home/user/work
79766175 2015-05-08 21:40:19 kasimir /home/user/work
bdbd3439 2015-05-08 21:45:17 luigi /home/art
590c8fc8 2015-05-08 21:47:38 kazik /srv
9f0bc19e 2015-05-08 21:46:11 luigi /srv
You can filter the listing by directory path:
.. code-block:: console
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo snapshots --path="/srv"
enter password for repository:
ID Date Host Tags Directory
----------------------------------------------------------------------
590c8fc8 2015-05-08 21:47:38 kazik /srv
9f0bc19e 2015-05-08 21:46:11 luigi /srv
Or filter by host:
.. code-block:: console
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo snapshots --host luigi
enter password for repository:
ID Date Host Tags Directory
----------------------------------------------------------------------
bdbd3439 2015-05-08 21:45:17 luigi /home/art
9f0bc19e 2015-05-08 21:46:11 luigi /srv
Combining filters is also possible.
Furthermore you can group the output by the same filters (host, paths, tags):
.. code-block:: console
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo snapshots --group-by host
enter password for repository:
snapshots for (host [kasimir])
ID Date Host Tags Directory
----------------------------------------------------------------------
40dc1520 2015-05-08 21:38:30 kasimir /home/user/work
79766175 2015-05-08 21:40:19 kasimir /home/user/work
2 snapshots
snapshots for (host [luigi])
ID Date Host Tags Directory
----------------------------------------------------------------------
bdbd3439 2015-05-08 21:45:17 luigi /home/art
9f0bc19e 2015-05-08 21:46:11 luigi /srv
2 snapshots
snapshots for (host [kazik])
ID Date Host Tags Directory
----------------------------------------------------------------------
590c8fc8 2015-05-08 21:47:38 kazik /srv
1 snapshots
Checking integrity and consistency
==================================
Imagine your repository is saved on a server that has a faulty hard
drive, or even worse, attackers get privileged access and modify the
files in your repository with the intention to make you restore
malicious data:
.. code-block:: console
$ echo "boom" > /srv/restic-repo/index/de30f3231ca2e6a59af4aa84216dfe2ef7339c549dc11b09b84000997b139628
Trying to restore a snapshot which has been modified as shown above
will yield an error:
.. code-block:: console
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo --no-cache restore c23e491f --target /tmp/restore-work
...
Fatal: unable to load index de30f323: load <index/de30f3231c>: invalid data returned
In order to detect these things before they become a problem, it's a
good idea to regularly use the ``check`` command to test whether your
repository is healthy and consistent, and that your precious backup
data is unharmed. There are two types of checks that can be performed:
- Structural consistency and integrity, e.g. snapshots, trees and pack files (default)
- Integrity of the actual data that you backed up (enabled with flags, see below)
To verify the structure of the repository, issue the ``check`` command.
If the repository is damaged like in the example above, ``check`` will
detect this and yield the same error as when you tried to restore:
.. code-block:: console
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo check
...
load indexes
error: error loading index de30f323: load <index/de30f3231c>: invalid data returned
Fatal: LoadIndex returned errors
If the repository structure is intact, restic will show that no errors were found:
.. code-block:: console
$ restic -r /src/restic-repo check
...
load indexes
check all packs
check snapshots, trees and blobs
no errors were found
By default, the ``check`` command does not verify that the actual data files
on disk in the repository are unmodified, because doing so requires reading
a copy of every data file in the repository. To tell restic to also verify the
integrity of the data files in the repository, use the ``--read-data`` flag:
.. code-block:: console
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo check --read-data
...
load indexes
check all packs
check snapshots, trees and blobs
read all data
[0:00] 100.00% 3 / 3 items
duration: 0:00
no errors were found
.. note:: Since ``--read-data`` has to download all data files in the
repository, beware that it might incur higher bandwidth costs than usual
and also that it takes more time than the default ``check``.
Alternatively, use the ``--read-data-subset=n/t`` parameter to check only a
subset of the repository data files at a time. The parameter takes two values,
``n`` and ``t``. When the check command runs, all data files in the repository
are logically divided in ``t`` (roughly equal) groups, and only files that
belong to group number ``n`` are checked. For example, the following commands
check all repository data files over 5 separate invocations:
.. code-block:: console
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo check --read-data-subset=1/5
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo check --read-data-subset=2/5
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo check --read-data-subset=3/5
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo check --read-data-subset=4/5
$ restic -r /srv/restic-repo check --read-data-subset=5/5