// This file Copyright (C) 2022 Mnemosyne LLC.
// It may be used under GPLv2 (SPDX: GPL-2.0-only), GPLv3 (SPDX: GPL-3.0-only),
// or any future license endorsed by Mnemosyne LLC.
// License text can be found in the licenses/ folder.

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstddef> // std::byte
#include <cstdint> // uint32_t, uint64_t
#include <cstring> // for std::memcpy()
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <string_view>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#ifdef _WIN32
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#else
#include <sys/socket.h> // socklen_t, sockaddr_st...
#endif

#include <event2/event.h>

#define LIBTRANSMISSION_ANNOUNCER_MODULE

#include <libtransmission/announcer.h>
#include <libtransmission/announcer-common.h>
#include <libtransmission/crypto-utils.h> // for tr_rand_obj()
#include <libtransmission/net.h>
#include <libtransmission/peer-mgr.h> // for tr_pex
#include <libtransmission/session.h> // tr_peerIdInit
#include "libtransmission/timer.h"
#include <libtransmission/timer-ev.h>
#include <libtransmission/tr-buffer.h>
#include "libtransmission/tr-macros.h" // tr_sha1_digest_t, tr_p...
#include "libtransmission/utils.h"

#include "gtest/gtest.h"
#include "test-fixtures.h"

using namespace std::literals;

using tau_connection_t = uint64_t;
using tau_transaction_t = uint32_t;

using MessageBuffer = libtransmission::StackBuffer<4096, std::byte>;

class AnnouncerUdpTest : public ::testing::Test
{
private:
    void SetUp() override
    {
        ::testing::Test::SetUp();
        init_mgr_ = tr_lib_init();
        tr_timeUpdate(time(nullptr));
    }

protected:
    class MockMediator final : public tr_announcer_udp::Mediator
    {
    public:
        MockMediator()
            : event_base_{ event_base_new(), event_base_free }
        {
        }

        void sendto(void const* buf, size_t buflen, sockaddr const* sa, socklen_t salen) override
        {
            auto target = tr_socket_address::from_sockaddr(sa);
            ASSERT_TRUE(target);
            sent_.emplace_back(static_cast<char const*>(buf), buflen, sa, salen);
        }

        [[nodiscard]] auto* eventBase()
        {
            return event_base_.get();
        }

        [[nodiscard]] std::optional<tr_address> announce_ip() const override
        {
            return {};
        }

        struct Sent
        {
            Sent() = default;

            Sent(char const* buf, size_t buflen, sockaddr const* sa, socklen_t salen)
                : sslen_{ salen }
            {
                buf_.insert(std::end(buf_), buf, buf + buflen);
                std::memcpy(&ss_, sa, salen);
            }

            std::vector<char> buf_;
            sockaddr_storage ss_ = {};
            socklen_t sslen_ = {};
        };

        std::deque<Sent> sent_;

        std::unique_ptr<event_base, void (*)(event_base*)> const event_base_;
    };

    static void expectEqual(tr_scrape_response const& expected, tr_scrape_response const& actual)
    {
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.did_connect, actual.did_connect);
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.did_timeout, actual.did_timeout);
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.errmsg, actual.errmsg);
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.min_request_interval, actual.min_request_interval);
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.scrape_url, actual.scrape_url);

        EXPECT_EQ(expected.row_count, actual.row_count);
        for (int i = 0; i < std::min(expected.row_count, actual.row_count); ++i)
        {
            EXPECT_EQ(expected.rows[i].info_hash, actual.rows[i].info_hash);
            EXPECT_EQ(expected.rows[i].seeders, actual.rows[i].seeders);
            EXPECT_EQ(expected.rows[i].leechers, actual.rows[i].leechers);
            EXPECT_EQ(expected.rows[i].downloads, actual.rows[i].downloads);
            EXPECT_EQ(expected.rows[i].downloaders, actual.rows[i].downloaders);
        }
    }

    static void expectEqual(tr_scrape_request const& expected, std::vector<tr_sha1_digest_t> const& actual)
    {
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.info_hash_count, std::size(actual));
        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(static_cast<size_t>(expected.info_hash_count), std::size(actual)); ++i)
        {
            EXPECT_EQ(expected.info_hash[i], actual[i]);
        }
    }

    [[nodiscard]] static tau_transaction_t parseConnectionRequest(std::vector<char> const& data)
    {
        auto buf = MessageBuffer(data);
        EXPECT_EQ(ProtocolId, buf.to_uint64());
        EXPECT_EQ(ConnectAction, buf.to_uint32());
        return buf.to_uint32();
    }

    [[nodiscard]] static auto buildScrapeRequestFromResponse(tr_scrape_response const& response)
    {
        auto request = tr_scrape_request{};
        request.scrape_url = response.scrape_url;
        request.info_hash_count = response.row_count;
        for (int i = 0; i < request.info_hash_count; ++i)
        {
            request.info_hash[i] = response.rows[i].info_hash;
        }
        return request;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] static auto buildSimpleScrapeRequestAndResponse()
    {
        auto response = tr_scrape_response{};
        response.did_connect = true;
        response.did_timeout = false;
        response.row_count = 1;
        response.rows[0].info_hash = tr_rand_obj<tr_sha1_digest_t>();
        response.rows[0].seeders = 1;
        response.rows[0].leechers = 2;
        response.rows[0].downloads = 3;
        response.rows[0].downloaders = std::nullopt;
        response.scrape_url = DefaultScrapeUrl;
        response.min_request_interval = 0;

        return std::make_pair(buildScrapeRequestFromResponse(response), response);
    }

    [[nodiscard]] static auto parseScrapeRequest(std::vector<char> const& data, tau_connection_t expected_connection_id)
    {
        auto buf = MessageBuffer(data);
        EXPECT_EQ(expected_connection_id, buf.to_uint64());
        EXPECT_EQ(ScrapeAction, buf.to_uint32());
        auto const transaction_id = buf.to_uint32();
        auto info_hashes = std::vector<tr_sha1_digest_t>{};
        while (!std::empty(buf))
        {
            auto tmp = tr_sha1_digest_t{};
            buf.to_buf(std::data(tmp), std::size(tmp));
            info_hashes.emplace_back(tmp);
        }
        return std::make_pair(transaction_id, info_hashes);
    }

    [[nodiscard]] static auto waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(MockMediator& mediator)
    {
        EXPECT_TRUE(
            libtransmission::test::waitFor(mediator.eventBase(), [&mediator]() { return !std::empty(mediator.sent_); }));
        auto buf = std::move(mediator.sent_.back().buf_);
        mediator.sent_.pop_back();
        return buf;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] static bool sendError(
        tr_announcer_udp& announcer,
        tau_transaction_t transaction_id,
        std::string_view errmsg,
        struct sockaddr const* from,
        socklen_t fromlen)
    {
        auto buf = MessageBuffer{};
        buf.add_uint32(ErrorAction);
        buf.add_uint32(transaction_id);
        buf.add(errmsg);

        auto const response_size = std::size(buf);
        auto arr = std::array<uint8_t, 256>{};
        buf.to_buf(std::data(arr), response_size);

        return announcer.handle_message(std::data(arr), response_size, from, fromlen);
    }

    [[nodiscard]] static auto sendConnectionResponse(
        tr_announcer_udp& announcer,
        tau_transaction_t transaction_id,
        struct sockaddr const* from,
        socklen_t fromlen)
    {
        auto const connection_id = tr_rand_obj<tau_connection_t>();
        auto buf = MessageBuffer{};
        buf.add_uint32(ConnectAction);
        buf.add_uint32(transaction_id);
        buf.add_uint64(connection_id);

        auto arr = std::array<uint8_t, 16>{};
        auto response_size = std::size(buf);
        buf.to_buf(std::data(arr), response_size);
        EXPECT_TRUE(announcer.handle_message(std::data(arr), response_size, from, fromlen));

        return connection_id;
    }

    struct UdpAnnounceReq
    {
        uint64_t connection_id = 0;
        uint32_t action = 0; // 1: announce
        tau_transaction_t transaction_id = 0;
        tr_sha1_digest_t info_hash = {};
        tr_peer_id_t peer_id = {};
        uint64_t downloaded = 0;
        uint64_t left = 0;
        uint64_t uploaded = 0;
        uint32_t event = 0; // 0: none; 1: completed; 2: started; 3: stopped
        uint32_t ip_address = 0;
        uint32_t key;
        uint32_t num_want = static_cast<uint32_t>(-1); // default
        uint16_t port;
    };

    static void expectEqual(tr_announce_request const& expected, UdpAnnounceReq const& actual)
    {
        EXPECT_EQ(AnnounceAction, actual.action);
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.info_hash, actual.info_hash);
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.peer_id, actual.peer_id);
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.down, actual.downloaded);
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.leftUntilComplete, actual.left);
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.up, actual.uploaded);
        // EXPECT_EQ(foo, actual.event); ; // 0: none; 1: completed; 2: started; 3: stopped // FIXME
        // EXPECT_EQ(foo, actual.ip_address); // FIXME
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.key, static_cast<int>(actual.key));
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.numwant, static_cast<int>(actual.num_want));
        EXPECT_EQ(expected.port.host(), actual.port);
    }

    static void expectEqual(tr_announce_response const& expected, tr_announce_response const& actual)
    {
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.info_hash, expected.info_hash);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.did_connect, expected.did_connect);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.did_timeout, expected.did_timeout);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.interval, expected.interval);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.min_interval, expected.min_interval);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.seeders, expected.seeders);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.leechers, expected.leechers);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.downloads, expected.downloads);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.pex, expected.pex);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.pex6, expected.pex6);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.errmsg, expected.errmsg);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.warning, expected.warning);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.tracker_id, expected.tracker_id);
        EXPECT_EQ(actual.external_ip, expected.external_ip);
    }

    [[nodiscard]] static auto parseAnnounceRequest(std::vector<char> const& data, uint64_t connection_id)
    {
        auto buf = MessageBuffer{ data };
        auto req = UdpAnnounceReq{};
        req.connection_id = buf.to_uint64();
        req.action = buf.to_uint32();
        req.transaction_id = buf.to_uint32();
        buf.to_buf(std::data(req.info_hash), std::size(req.info_hash));
        buf.to_buf(std::data(req.peer_id), std::size(req.peer_id));
        req.downloaded = buf.to_uint64();
        req.left = buf.to_uint64();
        req.uploaded = buf.to_uint64();
        req.event = buf.to_uint32();
        req.ip_address = buf.to_uint32();
        req.key = buf.to_uint32();
        req.num_want = buf.to_uint32();
        req.port = buf.to_uint16();

        EXPECT_EQ(AnnounceAction, req.action);
        EXPECT_EQ(connection_id, req.connection_id);

        return req;
    }

    // emulate the upkeep timer that tr_announcer runs in production
    static auto createUpkeepTimer(MockMediator& mediator, std::unique_ptr<tr_announcer_udp>& announcer)
    {
        auto timer_maker = libtransmission::EvTimerMaker{ mediator.eventBase() };
        auto timer = timer_maker.create();
        timer->set_callback([&announcer]() { announcer->upkeep(); });
        timer->start_repeating(200ms);
        return timer;
    }

    static auto sockaddrFromUrl(std::string_view tracker_url)
    {
        auto parsed_url = tr_urlParse(tracker_url);
        EXPECT_TRUE(parsed_url);
        auto addr = tr_address::from_string(parsed_url->host);
        EXPECT_TRUE(addr);

        return tr_socket_address{ *addr, tr_port::from_host(parsed_url->port) }.to_sockaddr();
    }

    std::unique_ptr<tr_net_init_mgr> init_mgr_;

    // https://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0015.html
    static auto constexpr ProtocolId = uint64_t{ 0x41727101980ULL };
    static auto constexpr ConnectAction = uint32_t{ 0 };
    static auto constexpr AnnounceAction = uint32_t{ 1 };
    static auto constexpr ScrapeAction = uint32_t{ 2 };
    static auto constexpr ErrorAction = uint32_t{ 3 };

    static auto constexpr DefaultScrapeUrl = "https://127.0.0.1/scrape"sv;
};

TEST_F(AnnouncerUdpTest, canInstantiate)
{
    auto mediator = MockMediator{};
    auto announcer = tr_announcer_udp::create(mediator);
    EXPECT_TRUE(announcer);
}

TEST_F(AnnouncerUdpTest, canScrape)
{
    auto mediator = MockMediator{};
    auto announcer = tr_announcer_udp::create(mediator);
    auto upkeep_timer = createUpkeepTimer(mediator, announcer);

    // tell announcer to scrape
    auto [request, expected_response] = buildSimpleScrapeRequestAndResponse();
    auto response = std::optional<tr_scrape_response>{};
    announcer->scrape(request, [&response](tr_scrape_response const& resp) { response = resp; });

    // Obtain the source socket address from tracker url
    auto [from, fromlen] = sockaddrFromUrl(request.scrape_url);
    auto const* const from_ptr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&from);

    // The announcer should have sent a UDP connection request.
    // Inspect that request for validity.
    auto connect_transaction_id = parseConnectionRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator));

    // Have the tracker respond to the request
    auto const connection_id = sendConnectionResponse(*announcer, connect_transaction_id, from_ptr, fromlen);

    // The announcer should have sent a UDP scrape request.
    // Inspect that request for validity.
    auto [scrape_transaction_id, info_hashes] = parseScrapeRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator), connection_id);
    expectEqual(request, info_hashes);

    // Have the tracker respond to the request
    auto buf = MessageBuffer{};
    buf.add_uint32(ScrapeAction);
    buf.add_uint32(scrape_transaction_id);
    buf.add_uint32(expected_response.rows[0].seeders.value_or(-1));
    buf.add_uint32(expected_response.rows[0].downloads.value_or(-1));
    buf.add_uint32(expected_response.rows[0].leechers.value_or(-1));
    auto response_size = std::size(buf);
    auto arr = std::array<uint8_t, 256>{};
    buf.to_buf(std::data(arr), response_size);
    EXPECT_TRUE(announcer->handle_message(std::data(arr), response_size, from_ptr, fromlen));

    // confirm that announcer processed the response
    EXPECT_TRUE(response.has_value());
    assert(response.has_value());
    expectEqual(expected_response, *response);

    // Now scrape again.
    // Since the timestamp hasn't changed, the connection should be good
    // and announcer-udp should skip the `connect` step, going straight to the scrape.
    response.reset();
    announcer->scrape(request, [&response](tr_scrape_response const& resp) { response = resp; });

    // The announcer should have sent a UDP connection request.
    // Inspect that request for validity.
    std::tie(scrape_transaction_id, info_hashes) = parseScrapeRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator), connection_id);
    expectEqual(request, info_hashes);
}

TEST_F(AnnouncerUdpTest, canDestructCleanlyEvenWhenBusy)
{
    auto mediator = MockMediator{};
    auto announcer = tr_announcer_udp::create(mediator);
    auto upkeep_timer = createUpkeepTimer(mediator, announcer);

    // tell announcer to scrape
    auto [request, expected_response] = buildSimpleScrapeRequestAndResponse();
    auto response = std::optional<tr_scrape_response>{};
    announcer->scrape(request, [&response](tr_scrape_response const& resp) { response = resp; });

    // The announcer should have sent a UDP connection request.
    // Inspect that request for validity.
    auto const connect_transaction_id = parseConnectionRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator));
    EXPECT_NE(0U, connect_transaction_id);

    // now just end the test before responding to the request.
    // the announcer and mediator will go out-of-scope & be destroyed.
}

TEST_F(AnnouncerUdpTest, canMultiScrape)
{
    auto mediator = MockMediator{};
    auto announcer = tr_announcer_udp::create(mediator);
    auto upkeep_timer = createUpkeepTimer(mediator, announcer);

    auto expected_response = tr_scrape_response{};
    expected_response.did_connect = true;
    expected_response.did_timeout = false;
    expected_response.row_count = 2;
    expected_response.rows[0] = { tr_rand_obj<tr_sha1_digest_t>(), 1, 2, 3, std::nullopt };
    expected_response.rows[1] = { tr_rand_obj<tr_sha1_digest_t>(), 4, 5, 6, std::nullopt };
    expected_response.scrape_url = DefaultScrapeUrl;
    expected_response.min_request_interval = 0;

    // Obtain the source socket address from tracker url
    auto [from, fromlen] = sockaddrFromUrl(expected_response.scrape_url);
    auto const* const from_ptr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&from);

    auto request = buildScrapeRequestFromResponse(expected_response);
    auto response = std::optional<tr_scrape_response>{};
    announcer->scrape(request, [&response](tr_scrape_response const& resp) { response = resp; });

    // Announcer will request a connection. Verify and grant the request
    auto connect_transaction_id = parseConnectionRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator));
    auto const connection_id = sendConnectionResponse(*announcer, connect_transaction_id, from_ptr, fromlen);

    // The announcer should have sent a UDP scrape request.
    // Inspect that request for validity.
    auto [scrape_transaction_id, info_hashes] = parseScrapeRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator), connection_id);
    expectEqual(request, info_hashes);

    // Have the tracker respond to the request
    auto buf = MessageBuffer{};
    buf.add_uint32(ScrapeAction);
    buf.add_uint32(scrape_transaction_id);
    for (int i = 0; i < expected_response.row_count; ++i)
    {
        buf.add_uint32(expected_response.rows[i].seeders.value_or(-1));
        buf.add_uint32(expected_response.rows[i].downloads.value_or(-1));
        buf.add_uint32(expected_response.rows[i].leechers.value_or(-1));
    }
    auto response_size = std::size(buf);
    auto arr = std::array<uint8_t, 256>{};
    buf.to_buf(std::data(arr), response_size);
    EXPECT_TRUE(announcer->handle_message(std::data(arr), response_size, from_ptr, fromlen));

    // Confirm that announcer processed the response
    EXPECT_TRUE(response.has_value());
    assert(response.has_value());
    expectEqual(expected_response, *response);
}

TEST_F(AnnouncerUdpTest, canHandleScrapeError)
{
    // build the expected response
    auto expected_response = tr_scrape_response{};
    expected_response.did_connect = true;
    expected_response.did_timeout = false;
    expected_response.row_count = 1;
    expected_response.rows[0].info_hash = tr_rand_obj<tr_sha1_digest_t>();
    expected_response.rows[0].seeders = std::nullopt;
    expected_response.rows[0].leechers = std::nullopt;
    expected_response.rows[0].downloads = std::nullopt;
    expected_response.rows[0].downloaders = std::nullopt;
    expected_response.scrape_url = DefaultScrapeUrl;
    expected_response.min_request_interval = 0;
    expected_response.errmsg = "Unrecognized info-hash";

    // Obtain the source socket address from tracker url
    auto [from, fromlen] = sockaddrFromUrl(expected_response.scrape_url);
    auto const* const from_ptr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&from);

    // build the request
    auto request = buildScrapeRequestFromResponse(expected_response);

    // build the announcer
    auto mediator = MockMediator{};
    auto announcer = tr_announcer_udp::create(mediator);
    auto upkeep_timer = createUpkeepTimer(mediator, announcer);

    // tell announcer to scrape
    auto response = std::optional<tr_scrape_response>{};
    announcer->scrape(request, [&response](tr_scrape_response const& resp) { response = resp; });

    // The announcer should have sent a UDP connection request.
    // Inspect that request for validity.
    auto connect_transaction_id = parseConnectionRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator));

    // Have the tracker respond to the request
    auto const connection_id = sendConnectionResponse(*announcer, connect_transaction_id, from_ptr, fromlen);

    // The announcer should have sent a UDP scrape request.
    // Inspect that request for validity.
    auto const [scrape_transaction_id, info_hashes] = parseScrapeRequest(
        waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator),
        connection_id);

    // Have the tracker respond to the request with an "unable to scrape" error
    EXPECT_TRUE(sendError(*announcer, scrape_transaction_id, expected_response.errmsg, from_ptr, fromlen));

    // confirm that announcer processed the response
    EXPECT_TRUE(response.has_value());
    assert(response.has_value());
    expectEqual(expected_response, *response);
}

TEST_F(AnnouncerUdpTest, canHandleConnectError)
{
    // build the response we'd expect for a connect failure
    auto expected_response = tr_scrape_response{};
    expected_response.did_connect = true;
    expected_response.did_timeout = false;
    expected_response.row_count = 1;
    expected_response.rows[0].info_hash = tr_rand_obj<tr_sha1_digest_t>();
    expected_response.rows[0].seeders = std::nullopt; // empty optional here & on next lines means error
    expected_response.rows[0].leechers = std::nullopt;
    expected_response.rows[0].downloads = std::nullopt;
    expected_response.rows[0].downloaders = std::nullopt;
    expected_response.scrape_url = DefaultScrapeUrl;
    expected_response.min_request_interval = 0;
    expected_response.errmsg = "Unable to Connect";

    // Obtain the source socket address from tracker url
    auto [from, fromlen] = sockaddrFromUrl(expected_response.scrape_url);
    auto const* const from_ptr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&from);

    // build the announcer
    auto mediator = MockMediator{};
    auto announcer = tr_announcer_udp::create(mediator);
    auto upkeep_timer = createUpkeepTimer(mediator, announcer);

    // tell the announcer to scrape
    auto response = std::optional<tr_scrape_response>{};
    announcer->scrape(
        buildScrapeRequestFromResponse(expected_response),
        [&response](tr_scrape_response const& resp) { response = resp; });

    // The announcer should have sent a UDP connection request.
    // Inspect that request for validity.
    auto transaction_id = parseConnectionRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator));

    // Have the tracker respond to the request with an "unable to connect" error
    EXPECT_TRUE(sendError(*announcer, transaction_id, expected_response.errmsg, from_ptr, fromlen));

    // Confirm that announcer processed the response
    EXPECT_TRUE(response.has_value());
    assert(response.has_value());
    expectEqual(expected_response, *response);
}

TEST_F(AnnouncerUdpTest, handleMessageReturnsFalseOnInvalidMessage)
{
    // build a simple scrape request
    auto request = tr_scrape_request{};
    request.scrape_url = DefaultScrapeUrl;
    request.info_hash_count = 1;
    request.info_hash[0] = tr_rand_obj<tr_sha1_digest_t>();

    // Obtain the source socket address from tracker url
    auto [from, fromlen] = sockaddrFromUrl(request.scrape_url);
    auto const* const from_ptr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&from);

    // build the announcer
    auto mediator = MockMediator{};
    auto announcer = tr_announcer_udp::create(mediator);
    auto upkeep_timer = createUpkeepTimer(mediator, announcer);

    // tell the announcer to scrape
    auto response = std::optional<tr_scrape_response>{};
    announcer->scrape(request, [&response](tr_scrape_response const& resp) { response = resp; });

    // The announcer should have sent a UDP connection request.
    // Inspect that request for validity.
    auto transaction_id = parseConnectionRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator));

    // send a connection response but with an *invalid* transaction id
    auto buf = MessageBuffer{};
    buf.add_uint32(ConnectAction);
    buf.add_uint32(transaction_id + 1);
    buf.add_uint64(tr_rand_obj<uint64_t>());
    auto response_size = std::size(buf);
    auto arr = std::array<uint8_t, 256>{};
    buf.to_buf(std::data(arr), response_size);
    EXPECT_FALSE(announcer->handle_message(std::data(arr), response_size, from_ptr, fromlen));

    // send a connection response but with an *invalid* action
    buf.clear();
    buf.add_uint32(ScrapeAction);
    buf.add_uint32(transaction_id);
    buf.add_uint64(tr_rand_obj<uint64_t>());
    response_size = std::size(buf);
    buf.to_buf(std::data(arr), response_size);
    EXPECT_FALSE(announcer->handle_message(std::data(arr), response_size, from_ptr, fromlen));

    // but after discarding invalid messages,
    // a valid connection response should still work
    auto const connection_id = sendConnectionResponse(*announcer, transaction_id, from_ptr, fromlen);
    EXPECT_NE(0, connection_id);
}

TEST_F(AnnouncerUdpTest, canAnnounceIPv4)
{
    static auto constexpr Interval = uint32_t{ 3600 };
    static auto constexpr Leechers = uint32_t{ 10 };
    static auto constexpr Seeders = uint32_t{ 20 };
    auto const addresses = std::array<tr_socket_address, 3>{ {
        { tr_address::from_string("10.10.10.5").value_or(tr_address{}), tr_port::from_host(128) },
        { tr_address::from_string("192.168.1.2").value_or(tr_address{}), tr_port::from_host(2021) },
        { tr_address::from_string("192.168.1.3").value_or(tr_address{}), tr_port::from_host(2022) },
    } };

    auto request = tr_announce_request{};
    request.event = TR_ANNOUNCE_EVENT_STARTED;
    request.port = tr_port::from_host(80);
    request.key = 0xCAFE;
    request.numwant = 20;
    request.up = 1;
    request.down = 2;
    request.corrupt = 3;
    request.leftUntilComplete = 100;
    request.announce_url = "https://127.0.0.1/announce";
    request.tracker_id = "fnord";
    request.peer_id = tr_peerIdInit();
    request.info_hash = tr_rand_obj<tr_sha1_digest_t>();

    // Obtain the source socket address from tracker url
    auto [from, fromlen] = sockaddrFromUrl(request.announce_url);
    auto const* const from_ptr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&from);

    auto expected_response = tr_announce_response{};
    expected_response.info_hash = request.info_hash;
    expected_response.did_connect = true;
    expected_response.did_timeout = false;
    expected_response.interval = Interval;
    expected_response.min_interval = 0; // not specified in UDP announce
    expected_response.seeders = Seeders;
    expected_response.leechers = Leechers;
    expected_response.downloads = std::nullopt; // not specified in UDP announce
    expected_response.pex = std::vector<tr_pex>{ tr_pex{ addresses[0] }, tr_pex{ addresses[1] }, tr_pex{ addresses[2] } };
    expected_response.pex6 = {};
    expected_response.errmsg = {};
    expected_response.warning = {};
    expected_response.tracker_id = {}; // not specified in UDP announce
    expected_response.external_ip = {};

    // build the announcer
    auto mediator = MockMediator{};
    auto announcer = tr_announcer_udp::create(mediator);
    auto upkeep_timer = createUpkeepTimer(mediator, announcer);

    auto response = std::optional<tr_announce_response>{};
    announcer->announce(request, [&response](tr_announce_response const& resp) { response = resp; });

    // Announcer will request a connection. Verify and grant the request
    auto connect_transaction_id = parseConnectionRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator));
    auto const connection_id = sendConnectionResponse(*announcer, connect_transaction_id, from_ptr, fromlen);

    // The announcer should have sent a UDP announce request.
    // Inspect that request for validity.
    auto udp_ann_req = parseAnnounceRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator), connection_id);
    expectEqual(request, udp_ann_req);

    // Have the tracker respond to the request
    auto buf = MessageBuffer{};
    buf.add_uint32(AnnounceAction);
    buf.add_uint32(udp_ann_req.transaction_id);
    buf.add_uint32(expected_response.interval);
    buf.add_uint32(expected_response.leechers.value_or(-1));
    buf.add_uint32(expected_response.seeders.value_or(-1));
    for (auto const& [addr, port] : addresses)
    {
        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access)
        buf.add(&addr.addr.addr4.s_addr, sizeof(addr.addr.addr4.s_addr));
        buf.add_uint16(port.host());
    }

    auto response_size = std::size(buf);
    auto arr = std::array<uint8_t, 512>{};
    buf.to_buf(std::data(arr), response_size);

    EXPECT_TRUE(announcer->handle_message(std::data(arr), response_size, from_ptr, fromlen));

    // Confirm that announcer processed the response
    EXPECT_TRUE(response.has_value());
    assert(response.has_value());
    expectEqual(expected_response, *response);
}

TEST_F(AnnouncerUdpTest, canAnnounceIPv6)
{
    static auto constexpr Interval = uint32_t{ 3600 };
    static auto constexpr Leechers = uint32_t{ 10 };
    static auto constexpr Seeders = uint32_t{ 20 };
    auto const addresses = std::array<tr_socket_address, 3>{ {
        { tr_address::from_string("fd12:3456:789a:1::1").value_or(tr_address{}), tr_port::from_host(128) },
        { tr_address::from_string("fd12:3456:789a:1::2").value_or(tr_address{}), tr_port::from_host(2021) },
        { tr_address::from_string("fd12:3456:789a:1::3").value_or(tr_address{}), tr_port::from_host(2022) },
    } };

    auto request = tr_announce_request{};
    request.event = TR_ANNOUNCE_EVENT_STARTED;
    request.port = tr_port::from_host(80);
    request.key = 0xCAFE;
    request.numwant = 20;
    request.up = 1;
    request.down = 2;
    request.corrupt = 3;
    request.leftUntilComplete = 100;
    request.announce_url = "https://[::1]/announce";
    request.tracker_id = "fnord";
    request.peer_id = tr_peerIdInit();
    request.info_hash = tr_rand_obj<tr_sha1_digest_t>();

    // Obtain the source socket address from tracker url
    auto [from, fromlen] = sockaddrFromUrl(request.announce_url);
    auto const* const from_ptr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&from);

    auto expected_response = tr_announce_response{};
    expected_response.info_hash = request.info_hash;
    expected_response.did_connect = true;
    expected_response.did_timeout = false;
    expected_response.interval = Interval;
    expected_response.min_interval = 0; // not specified in UDP announce
    expected_response.seeders = Seeders;
    expected_response.leechers = Leechers;
    expected_response.downloads = std::nullopt; // not specified in UDP announce
    expected_response.pex = {};
    expected_response.pex6 = std::vector<tr_pex>{ tr_pex{ addresses[0] }, tr_pex{ addresses[1] }, tr_pex{ addresses[2] } };
    expected_response.errmsg = {};
    expected_response.warning = {};
    expected_response.tracker_id = {}; // not specified in UDP announce
    expected_response.external_ip = {};

    // build the announcer
    auto mediator = MockMediator{};
    auto announcer = tr_announcer_udp::create(mediator);
    auto upkeep_timer = createUpkeepTimer(mediator, announcer);

    auto response = std::optional<tr_announce_response>{};
    announcer->announce(request, [&response](tr_announce_response const& resp) { response = resp; });

    // Announcer will request a connection. Verify and grant the request
    auto connect_transaction_id = parseConnectionRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator));
    auto const connection_id = sendConnectionResponse(*announcer, connect_transaction_id, from_ptr, fromlen);

    // The announcer should have sent a UDP announce request.
    // Inspect that request for validity.
    auto udp_ann_req = parseAnnounceRequest(waitForAnnouncerToSendMessage(mediator), connection_id);
    expectEqual(request, udp_ann_req);

    // Have the tracker respond to the request
    auto buf = MessageBuffer{};
    buf.add_uint32(AnnounceAction);
    buf.add_uint32(udp_ann_req.transaction_id);
    buf.add_uint32(expected_response.interval);
    buf.add_uint32(expected_response.leechers.value_or(-1));
    buf.add_uint32(expected_response.seeders.value_or(-1));
    for (auto const& [addr, port] : addresses)
    {
        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access)
        buf.add(&addr.addr.addr6.s6_addr, sizeof(addr.addr.addr6.s6_addr));
        buf.add_uint16(port.host());
    }

    auto response_size = std::size(buf);
    auto arr = std::array<uint8_t, 512>{};
    buf.to_buf(std::data(arr), response_size);

    EXPECT_TRUE(announcer->handle_message(std::data(arr), response_size, from_ptr, fromlen));

    // Confirm that announcer processed the response
    EXPECT_TRUE(response.has_value());
    assert(response.has_value());
    expectEqual(expected_response, *response);
}