transmission/libtransmission/variant.cc

// This file Copyright © Mnemosyne LLC.
// It may be used under GPLv2 (SPDX: GPL-2.0-only), GPLv3 (SPDX: GPL-3.0-only),
// or any future license endorsed by Mnemosyne LLC.
// License text can be found in the licenses/ folder.

#include <algorithm> // std::sort
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <iterator>
#include <optional>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <variant>

#ifdef _WIN32
#include <share.h>
#endif

#include <fmt/core.h>

#include <small/vector.hpp>

#define LIBTRANSMISSION_VARIANT_MODULE

#include "libtransmission/error.h"
#include "libtransmission/log.h"
#include "libtransmission/quark.h"
#include "libtransmission/tr-assert.h"
#include "libtransmission/utils.h"
#include "libtransmission/variant.h"

using namespace std::literals;

namespace
{
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool variant_is_container(tr_variant const* const var)
{
    return var != nullptr && (var->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Vector>() || var->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Map>());
}

[[nodiscard]] constexpr size_t variant_index(tr_variant const* const var)
{
    if (var != nullptr)
    {
        return var->index();
    }

    return tr_variant::NoneIndex;
}

template<typename T>
[[nodiscard]] bool value_if(tr_variant const* const var, T* const setme)
{
    if (var != nullptr)
    {
        if (auto val = var->value_if<T>())
        {
            if (setme)
            {
                *setme = *val;
            }
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

template<typename T>
[[nodiscard]] tr_variant* dict_set(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark const key, T&& val)
{
    TR_ASSERT(var != nullptr);
    TR_ASSERT(var->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Map>());

    if (auto* const map = var != nullptr ? var->get_if<tr_variant::MapIndex>() : nullptr; map != nullptr)
    {
        return &map->insert_or_assign(key, std::forward<T>(val)).first;
    }

    return {};
}

template<typename T>
[[nodiscard]] tr_variant* vec_add(tr_variant* const var, T&& val)
{
    TR_ASSERT(var != nullptr);
    TR_ASSERT(var->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Vector>());

    if (auto* const vec = var != nullptr ? var->get_if<tr_variant::VectorIndex>() : nullptr; vec != nullptr)
    {
        return &vec->emplace_back(std::forward<T>(val));
    }

    return {};
}
} // namespace

// ---

// Specialisations for int64_t and bool could have been inline and constexpr,
// but aren't because https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=85282

template<>
[[nodiscard]] std::optional<int64_t> tr_variant::value_if() noexcept
{
    switch (index())
    {
    case IntIndex:
        return *get_if<IntIndex>();

    case BoolIndex:
        return *get_if<BoolIndex>() ? 1 : 0;

    default:
        return {};
    }
}

template<>
[[nodiscard]] std::optional<bool> tr_variant::value_if() noexcept
{
    switch (index())
    {
    case BoolIndex:
        return *get_if<BoolIndex>();

    case IntIndex:
        if (auto const val = *get_if<IntIndex>(); val == 0 || val == 1)
        {
            return val != 0;
        }
        break;

    case StringIndex:
        if (auto const val = *get_if<StringIndex>(); val == "true"sv)
        {
            return true;
        }
        else if (val == "false"sv)
        {
            return false;
        }
        break;

    default:
        break;
    }

    return {};
}

template<>
[[nodiscard]] std::optional<double> tr_variant::value_if() noexcept
{
    switch (index())
    {
    case DoubleIndex:
        return *get_if<DoubleIndex>();

    case IntIndex:
        return static_cast<double>(*get_if<IntIndex>());

    case StringIndex:
        return tr_num_parse<double>(*get_if<StringIndex>());

    default:
        return {};
    }
}

// ---

tr_variant::StringHolder::StringHolder(std::string&& str) noexcept
    : str_{ std::move(str) }
{
    sv_ = str_;
}

tr_variant::StringHolder::StringHolder(StringHolder&& that) noexcept
{
    *this = std::move(that);
}

void tr_variant::StringHolder::set_unmanaged(std::string_view sv)
{
    str_.clear();
    sv_ = sv;
}

tr_variant::StringHolder& tr_variant::StringHolder::operator=(StringHolder&& that) noexcept
{
    auto const managed = std::data(that.sv_) == std::data(that.str_);
    std::swap(str_, that.str_);
    sv_ = managed ? str_ : that.sv_;
    return *this;
}

// ---

tr_variant::Merge::Merge(tr_variant& tgt)
    : tgt_{ tgt }
{
}

void tr_variant::Merge::operator()(std::monostate const& src)
{
    tgt_ = src;
}
void tr_variant::Merge::operator()(bool const& src)
{
    tgt_ = src;
}
void tr_variant::Merge::operator()(int64_t const& src)
{
    tgt_ = src;
}
void tr_variant::Merge::operator()(double const& src)
{
    tgt_ = src;
}
void tr_variant::Merge::operator()(tr_variant::StringHolder const& src)
{
    tgt_ = src.sv_;
}

void tr_variant::Merge::operator()(tr_variant::Vector const& src)
{
    auto const n_items = std::size(src);
    auto& tgt = tgt_.val_.emplace<Vector>();
    tgt.resize(n_items);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_items; ++i)
    {
        std::visit(Merge{ tgt[i] }, src[i].val_);
    }
}

void tr_variant::Merge::operator()(tr_variant::Map const& src)
{
    // if tgt_ isn't already a map, make it one
    if (tgt_.index() != tr_variant::MapIndex)
    {
        tgt_.val_.emplace<tr_variant::Map>();
    }

    if (auto* tgt = tgt_.get_if<tr_variant::MapIndex>(); tgt != nullptr)
    {
        tgt->reserve(std::size(*tgt) + std::size(src));
        for (auto const& [key, val] : src)
        {
            std::visit(Merge{ (*tgt)[key] }, val.val_);
        }
    }
}

// ---

tr_variant* tr_variantDictFind(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key)
{
    if (auto* const map = var != nullptr ? var->get_if<tr_variant::MapIndex>() : nullptr; map != nullptr)
    {
        if (auto iter = map->find(key); iter != std::end(*map))
        {
            return &iter->second;
        }
    }

    return {};
}

tr_variant* tr_variantListChild(tr_variant* const var, size_t pos)
{
    if (auto* const vec = var != nullptr ? var->get_if<tr_variant::VectorIndex>() : nullptr; vec != nullptr)
    {
        if (pos < std::size(*vec))
        {
            return &vec->at(pos);
        }
    }

    return {};
}

bool tr_variantListRemove(tr_variant* const var, size_t pos)
{
    if (auto* const vec = var != nullptr ? var->get_if<tr_variant::VectorIndex>() : nullptr;
        vec != nullptr && pos < std::size(*vec))
    {
        vec->erase(std::begin(*vec) + pos);
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

bool tr_variantGetInt(tr_variant const* const var, int64_t* setme)
{
    return value_if(var, setme);
}

bool tr_variantGetStrView(tr_variant const* const var, std::string_view* setme)
{
    return value_if(var, setme);
}

bool tr_variantGetRaw(tr_variant const* v, std::byte const** setme_raw, size_t* setme_len)
{
    if (auto sv = std::string_view{}; tr_variantGetStrView(v, &sv))
    {
        *setme_raw = reinterpret_cast<std::byte const*>(std::data(sv));
        *setme_len = std::size(sv);
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

bool tr_variantGetRaw(tr_variant const* v, uint8_t const** setme_raw, size_t* setme_len)
{
    if (auto sv = std::string_view{}; tr_variantGetStrView(v, &sv))
    {
        *setme_raw = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t const*>(std::data(sv));
        *setme_len = std::size(sv);
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

bool tr_variantGetBool(tr_variant const* const var, bool* setme)
{
    return value_if(var, setme);
}

bool tr_variantGetReal(tr_variant const* const var, double* setme)
{
    return value_if(var, setme);
}

bool tr_variantDictFindInt(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key, int64_t* setme)
{
    auto const* const child = tr_variantDictFind(var, key);
    return tr_variantGetInt(child, setme);
}

bool tr_variantDictFindBool(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key, bool* setme)
{
    auto const* const child = tr_variantDictFind(var, key);
    return tr_variantGetBool(child, setme);
}

bool tr_variantDictFindReal(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key, double* setme)
{
    auto const* const child = tr_variantDictFind(var, key);
    return tr_variantGetReal(child, setme);
}

bool tr_variantDictFindStrView(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key, std::string_view* setme)
{
    auto const* const child = tr_variantDictFind(var, key);
    return tr_variantGetStrView(child, setme);
}

bool tr_variantDictFindList(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key, tr_variant** setme)
{
    if (auto* const res = tr_variantDictFind(var, key); res != nullptr && res->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Vector>())
    {
        *setme = res;
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

bool tr_variantDictFindDict(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key, tr_variant** setme)
{
    if (auto* const res = tr_variantDictFind(var, key); res != nullptr && res->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Map>())
    {
        *setme = res;
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

bool tr_variantDictFindRaw(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key, uint8_t const** setme_raw, size_t* setme_len)
{
    auto const* const child = tr_variantDictFind(var, key);
    return tr_variantGetRaw(child, setme_raw, setme_len);
}

bool tr_variantDictFindRaw(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key, std::byte const** setme_raw, size_t* setme_len)
{
    auto const* const child = tr_variantDictFind(var, key);
    return tr_variantGetRaw(child, setme_raw, setme_len);
}

// ---

void tr_variantInitList(tr_variant* initme, size_t n_reserve)
{
    auto vec = tr_variant::Vector{};
    vec.reserve(n_reserve);
    *initme = std::move(vec);
}

void tr_variantListReserve(tr_variant* const var, size_t n_reserve)
{
    TR_ASSERT(var != nullptr);
    TR_ASSERT(var->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Vector>());

    if (auto* const vec = var != nullptr ? var->get_if<tr_variant::VectorIndex>() : nullptr; vec != nullptr)
    {
        vec->reserve(std::size(*vec) + n_reserve);
    }
}

void tr_variantInitDict(tr_variant* initme, size_t n_reserve)
{
    *initme = tr_variant::Map{ n_reserve };
}

void tr_variantDictReserve(tr_variant* const var, size_t n_reserve)
{
    TR_ASSERT(var != nullptr);
    TR_ASSERT(var->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Map>());

    if (auto* const map = var != nullptr ? var->get_if<tr_variant::MapIndex>() : nullptr; map != nullptr)
    {
        map->reserve(std::size(*map) + n_reserve);
    }
}

tr_variant* tr_variantListAdd(tr_variant* const var)
{
    TR_ASSERT(var != nullptr);
    TR_ASSERT(var->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Vector>());

    if (auto* const vec = var != nullptr ? var->get_if<tr_variant::VectorIndex>() : nullptr; vec != nullptr)
    {
        return &vec->emplace_back();
    }

    return nullptr;
}

tr_variant* tr_variantListAddInt(tr_variant* const var, int64_t const value)
{
    return vec_add(var, value);
}

tr_variant* tr_variantListAddReal(tr_variant* const var, double const value)
{
    return vec_add(var, value);
}

tr_variant* tr_variantListAddBool(tr_variant* const var, bool const value)
{
    return vec_add(var, value);
}

tr_variant* tr_variantListAddStr(tr_variant* const var, std::string_view const value)
{
    return vec_add(var, std::string{ value });
}

tr_variant* tr_variantListAddStrView(tr_variant* const var, std::string_view value)
{
    return vec_add(var, tr_variant::unmanaged_string(value));
}

tr_variant* tr_variantListAddRaw(tr_variant* const var, void const* value, size_t n_bytes)
{
    return vec_add(var, tr_variant::make_raw(value, n_bytes));
}

tr_variant* tr_variantListAddList(tr_variant* const var, size_t const n_reserve)
{
    return vec_add(var, tr_variant::make_vector(n_reserve));
}

tr_variant* tr_variantListAddDict(tr_variant* const var, size_t const n_reserve)
{
    return vec_add(var, tr_variant::make_map(n_reserve));
}

tr_variant* tr_variantDictAdd(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key)
{
    TR_ASSERT(var != nullptr);
    TR_ASSERT(var->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Map>());

    if (auto* const map = var != nullptr ? var->get_if<tr_variant::MapIndex>() : nullptr; map != nullptr)
    {
        return &(*map)[key];
    }

    return {};
}

tr_variant* tr_variantDictAddInt(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark const key, int64_t const val)
{
    return dict_set(var, key, val);
}

tr_variant* tr_variantDictAddBool(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key, bool val)
{
    return dict_set(var, key, val);
}

tr_variant* tr_variantDictAddReal(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark const key, double const val)
{
    return dict_set(var, key, val);
}

tr_variant* tr_variantDictAddStr(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark const key, std::string_view const val)
{
    return dict_set(var, key, val);
}

tr_variant* tr_variantDictAddRaw(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark const key, void const* const value, size_t const n_bytes)
{
    return dict_set(var, key, std::string{ static_cast<char const*>(value), n_bytes });
}

tr_variant* tr_variantDictAddList(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark const key, size_t const n_reserve)
{
    return dict_set(var, key, tr_variant::make_vector(n_reserve));
}

tr_variant* tr_variantDictAddStrView(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark const key, std::string_view const val)
{
    return dict_set(var, key, tr_variant::unmanaged_string(val));
}

tr_variant* tr_variantDictAddDict(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key, size_t n_reserve)
{
    return dict_set(var, key, tr_variant::make_map(n_reserve));
}

bool tr_variantDictRemove(tr_variant* const var, tr_quark key)
{
    if (auto* const map = var != nullptr ? var->get_if<tr_variant::MapIndex>() : nullptr; map != nullptr)
    {
        return map->erase(key) != 0U;
    }

    return false;
}

// --- BENC WALKING

class WalkNode
{
public:
    WalkNode() = default;

    explicit WalkNode(tr_variant const* const var)
        : var_{ var }
    {
    }

    std::pair<tr_quark, tr_variant const*> next_child()
    {
        if (var_ == nullptr)
        {
            return {};
        }

        if (auto const* const map = var_->get_if<tr_variant::MapIndex>(); map != nullptr)
        {
            if (auto idx = next_index(); idx < std::size(*map))
            {
                auto iter = std::cbegin(*map);
                std::advance(iter, idx);
                return { iter->first, &iter->second };
            }
        }
        else if (auto const* const vec = var_->get_if<tr_variant::VectorIndex>(); vec != nullptr)
        {
            if (auto idx = next_index(); idx < std::size(*vec))
            {
                return { {}, &vec->at(idx) };
            }
        }

        return {};
    }

    [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto is_visited() const noexcept
    {
        return is_visited_;
    }

    constexpr void set_visited() noexcept
    {
        is_visited_ = true;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] tr_variant const* current() const noexcept
    {
        return var_;
    }

protected:
    friend class VariantWalker;

    tr_variant const* var_ = nullptr;

    bool is_visited_ = false;

    void assign(tr_variant const* v_in)
    {
        var_ = v_in;
        is_visited_ = false;
        child_index_ = 0;
        sorted.clear();
    }

    struct ByKey
    {
        std::string_view key;
        size_t idx = {};
    };

    template<typename Container>
    void sort(Container& sortbuf)
    {
        auto const* const map = var_ != nullptr ? var_->get_if<tr_variant::MapIndex>() : nullptr;
        if (map == nullptr)
        {
            return;
        }

        auto idx = size_t{};
        auto const n = std::size(*map);
        sortbuf.resize(n);
        for (auto const& [key, val] : *map)
        {
            sortbuf[idx] = { tr_quark_get_string_view(key), idx };
            ++idx;
        }

        std::sort(std::begin(sortbuf), std::end(sortbuf), [](ByKey const& a, ByKey const& b) { return a.key < b.key; });

        //  keep the sorted indices

        sorted.resize(n);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        {
            sorted[i] = sortbuf[i].idx;
        }
    }

private:
    // When walking `v`'s children, this is the index of the next child
    size_t child_index_ = 0;

    // When `v` is a dict, this is its children's indices sorted by key.
    // Bencoded dicts must be sorted, so this is useful when writing benc.
    small::vector<size_t, 128U> sorted;

    [[nodiscard]] size_t next_index()
    {
        auto idx = child_index_++;

        if (idx < std::size(sorted))
        {
            idx = sorted[idx];
        }

        return idx;
    }
};

class VariantWalker
{
public:
    void emplace(tr_variant const* v_in, bool sort_dicts)
    {
        stack_.emplace_back(v_in);

        if (sort_dicts)
        {
            top().sort(sortbuf_);
        }
    }

    void pop()
    {
        TR_ASSERT(!std::empty(stack_));

        if (auto const size = std::size(stack_); size != 0U)
        {
            stack_.resize(size - 1U);
        }
    }

    [[nodiscard]] bool empty() const noexcept
    {
        return std::empty(stack_);
    }

    WalkNode& top()
    {
        TR_ASSERT(!std::empty(stack_));
        return stack_.back();
    }

private:
    static auto constexpr InitialCapacity = size_t{ 24U };
    small::vector<WalkNode, InitialCapacity> stack_;
    small::vector<WalkNode::ByKey, InitialCapacity> sortbuf_;
};

/**
 * This function's previous recursive implementation was
 * easier to read, but was vulnerable to a smash-stacking
 * attack via maliciously-crafted data. (#667)
 */
void tr_variant_serde::walk(tr_variant const& top, WalkFuncs const& walk_funcs, void* user_data, bool sort_dicts)
{
    auto stack = VariantWalker{};
    stack.emplace(&top, sort_dicts);

    while (!stack.empty())
    {
        auto& node = stack.top();
        tr_variant const* v = nullptr;

        if (!node.is_visited())
        {
            v = node.current();
            node.set_visited();
        }
        else
        {
            auto [key, child] = node.next_child();

            v = child;

            if (v != nullptr)
            {
                if (node.current()->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Map>())
                {
                    auto const keystr = tr_quark_get_string_view(key);
                    walk_funcs.string_func(tr_variant::unmanaged_string(keystr), keystr, user_data);
                }
            }
            else // finished with this node
            {
                if (variant_is_container(node.current()))
                {
                    walk_funcs.container_end_func(*node.current(), user_data);
                }

                stack.pop();
                continue;
            }
        }

        switch (variant_index(v))
        {
        case tr_variant::BoolIndex:
            walk_funcs.bool_func(*v, *v->get_if<tr_variant::BoolIndex>(), user_data);
            break;

        case tr_variant::IntIndex:
            walk_funcs.int_func(*v, *v->get_if<tr_variant::IntIndex>(), user_data);
            break;

        case tr_variant::DoubleIndex:
            walk_funcs.double_func(*v, *v->get_if<tr_variant::DoubleIndex>(), user_data);
            break;

        case tr_variant::StringIndex:
            walk_funcs.string_func(*v, *v->get_if<tr_variant::StringIndex>(), user_data);
            break;

        case tr_variant::VectorIndex:
            if (v == node.current())
            {
                walk_funcs.list_begin_func(*v, user_data);
            }
            else
            {
                stack.emplace(v, sort_dicts);
            }
            break;

        case tr_variant::MapIndex:
            if (v == node.current())
            {
                walk_funcs.dict_begin_func(*v, user_data);
            }
            else
            {
                stack.emplace(v, sort_dicts);
            }
            break;

        default: // NoneIndex:
            break;
        }
    }
}

// ---

bool tr_variantDictChild(tr_variant* const var, size_t pos, tr_quark* key, tr_variant** setme_value)
{
    TR_ASSERT(var != nullptr);
    TR_ASSERT(var->holds_alternative<tr_variant::Map>());

    if (auto* const map = var != nullptr ? var->get_if<tr_variant::MapIndex>() : nullptr;
        map != nullptr && pos < std::size(*map))
    {
        auto iter = std::begin(*map);
        std::advance(iter, pos);
        *key = iter->first;
        *setme_value = &iter->second;
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

void tr_variantMergeDicts(tr_variant* const tgt, tr_variant const* const src)
{
    TR_ASSERT(tgt != nullptr);
    TR_ASSERT(src != nullptr);
    tgt->merge(*src);
}

// ---

std::optional<tr_variant> tr_variant_serde::parse(std::string_view input)
{
    error_ = {};
    return type_ == Type::Json ? parse_json(input) : parse_benc(input);
}

[[nodiscard]] std::optional<tr_variant> tr_variant_serde::parse_file(std::string_view filename)
{
    TR_ASSERT_MSG(!parse_inplace_, "not supported in from_file()");
    parse_inplace_ = false;

    if (auto buf = std::vector<char>{}; tr_file_read(filename, buf, &error_))
    {
        return parse(buf);
    }

    return {};
}

std::string tr_variant_serde::to_string(tr_variant const& var) const
{
    return type_ == Type::Json ? to_json_string(var) : to_benc_string(var);
}

bool tr_variant_serde::to_file(tr_variant const& var, std::string_view filename)
{
    tr_file_save(filename, to_string(var), &error_);

    if (error_)
    {
        tr_logAddError(fmt::format(
            _("Couldn't save '{path}': {error} ({error_code})"),
            fmt::arg("path", filename),
            fmt::arg("error", error_.message()),
            fmt::arg("error_code", error_.code())));
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}