558 lines
18 KiB
C++
558 lines
18 KiB
C++
// Except where noted, this file Copyright © 2010-2023 Johannes Lieder.
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// It may be used under the MIT (SPDX: MIT) license.
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// License text can be found in the licenses/ folder.
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <array>
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#include <chrono>
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#include <cstdint>
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#include <cstring>
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#include <functional>
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#include <memory>
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#include <optional>
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#include <string>
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#ifdef _WIN32
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#include <ws2tcpip.h>
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#else
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#include <ctime>
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#include <sys/socket.h> /* socket(), bind() */
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#include <netinet/in.h> /* sockaddr_in */
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#endif
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#include <event2/event.h>
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#include <fmt/core.h>
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#include "libtransmission/transmission.h"
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#include "libtransmission/crypto-utils.h" // for tr_rand_obj()
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#include "libtransmission/log.h"
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#include "libtransmission/net.h"
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#include "libtransmission/timer.h"
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#include "libtransmission/tr-assert.h"
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#include "libtransmission/tr-lpd.h"
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#include "libtransmission/utils.h" // for tr_net_init()
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#include "libtransmission/utils-ev.h" // for tr_net_init()
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using namespace std::literals;
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// Code in this namespace Copyright © 2022 Mnemosyne LLC.
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// It may be used under GPLv2 (SPDX: GPL-2.0-only), GPLv3 (SPDX: GPL-3.0-only), MIT (SPDX: MIT),
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// or any future license endorsed by Mnemosyne LLC.
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// License text can be found in the licenses/ folder.
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namespace
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{
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// opaque value, allowing the sending client to filter out its
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// own announces if it receives them via multicast loopback
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auto makeCookie()
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{
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static auto constexpr Pool = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"sv;
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auto buf = tr_rand_obj<std::array<char, 12>>();
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for (auto& ch : buf)
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{
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ch = Pool[static_cast<unsigned char>(ch) % std::size(Pool)];
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}
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return std::string{ std::data(buf), std::size(buf) };
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}
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constexpr char const* const McastGroup = "239.192.152.143"; /**<LPD multicast group */
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auto constexpr McastPort = tr_port::from_host(6771); /**<LPD source and destination UPD port */
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/*
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* A LSD announce is formatted as follows:
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*
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* ```
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* BT-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\r\n
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* Host: <host>\r\n
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* Port: <port>\r\n
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* Infohash: <ihash>\r\n
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* cookie: <cookie (optional)>\r\n
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* \r\n
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* \r\n
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* ```
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*
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* An announce may contain multiple, consecutive Infohash headers
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* to announce the participation in more than one torrent. This
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* may not be supported by older implementations. When sending
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* multiple infohashes the packet length should not exceed 1400
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* bytes to avoid MTU/fragmentation problems.
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*/
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auto makeAnnounceMsg(std::string_view cookie, tr_port port, std::vector<std::string_view> const& info_hash_strings)
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{
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auto ret = fmt::format(
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"BT-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\r\n"
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"Host: {:s}:{:d}\r\n"
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"Port: {:d}\r\n",
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McastGroup,
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McastPort.host(),
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port.host());
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for (auto const& info_hash : info_hash_strings)
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{
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ret += fmt::format("Infohash: {:s}\r\n", tr_strupper(info_hash));
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}
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if (!std::empty(cookie))
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{
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ret += fmt::format("cookie: {:s}\r\n", cookie);
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}
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return ret + "\r\n\r\n";
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}
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struct ParsedAnnounce
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{
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int major;
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int minor;
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tr_port port;
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std::vector<std::string_view> info_hash_strings;
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std::string_view cookie;
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};
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std::optional<ParsedAnnounce> parseAnnounceMsg(std::string_view announce)
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{
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static auto constexpr CrLf = "\r\n"sv;
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auto ret = ParsedAnnounce{};
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// get major, minor
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auto key = "BT-SEARCH * HTTP/"sv;
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if (auto const pos = announce.find(key); pos != std::string_view::npos)
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{
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// parse `${major}.${minor}`
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auto walk = announce.substr(pos + std::size(key));
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if (auto const major = tr_num_parse<int>(walk, &walk); major && tr_strv_starts_with(walk, '.'))
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{
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ret.major = *major;
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}
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else
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{
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return {};
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}
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walk.remove_prefix(1); // the '.' between major and minor
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if (auto const minor = tr_num_parse<int>(walk, &walk); minor && tr_strv_starts_with(walk, CrLf))
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{
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ret.minor = *minor;
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}
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else
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{
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return {};
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}
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}
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key = "Port: "sv;
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if (auto const pos = announce.find(key); pos != std::string_view::npos)
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{
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auto walk = announce.substr(pos + std::size(key));
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if (auto const port = tr_num_parse<uint16_t>(walk, &walk); port && tr_strv_starts_with(walk, CrLf))
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{
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ret.port = tr_port::from_host(*port);
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}
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else
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{
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return {};
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}
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}
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key = "cookie: "sv;
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if (auto const pos = announce.find(key); pos != std::string_view::npos)
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{
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auto walk = announce.substr(pos + std::size(key));
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if (auto const end = walk.find(CrLf); end != std::string_view::npos)
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{
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ret.cookie = walk.substr(0, end);
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}
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else
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{
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return {};
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}
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}
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key = "Infohash: "sv;
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for (;;)
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{
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if (auto const pos = announce.find(key); pos != std::string_view::npos)
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{
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announce.remove_prefix(pos + std::size(key));
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}
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else
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{
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break;
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}
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if (auto const end = announce.find(CrLf); end != std::string_view::npos)
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{
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ret.info_hash_strings.push_back(announce.substr(0, end));
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announce.remove_prefix(end + std::size(CrLf));
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}
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else
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{
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return {};
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}
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}
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return ret;
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}
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} // namespace
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class tr_lpd_impl final : public tr_lpd
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{
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public:
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tr_lpd_impl(Mediator& mediator, struct event_base* event_base)
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: mediator_{ mediator }
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, announce_timer_{ mediator.timerMaker().create([this]() { announceUpkeep(); }) }
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, dos_timer_{ mediator.timerMaker().create([this]() { dosUpkeep(); }) }
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{
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if (!init(event_base))
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{
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return;
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}
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announce_timer_->start_repeating(AnnounceInterval);
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announceUpkeep();
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dos_timer_->start_repeating(DosInterval);
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dosUpkeep();
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}
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tr_lpd_impl(tr_lpd_impl&&) = delete;
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tr_lpd_impl(tr_lpd_impl const&) = delete;
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tr_lpd_impl& operator=(tr_lpd_impl&&) = delete;
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tr_lpd_impl& operator=(tr_lpd_impl const&) = delete;
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~tr_lpd_impl() override
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{
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event_.reset();
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if (mcast_socket_ != TR_BAD_SOCKET)
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{
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evutil_closesocket(mcast_socket_);
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}
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tr_logAddTrace("Done uninitialising Local Peer Discovery");
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}
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private:
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bool init(struct event_base* event_base)
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{
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if (initImpl(event_base))
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{
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return true;
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}
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auto const err = sockerrno;
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evutil_closesocket(mcast_socket_);
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mcast_socket_ = TR_BAD_SOCKET;
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tr_logAddWarn(fmt::format(
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_("Couldn't initialize LPD: {error} ({error_code})"),
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fmt::arg("error", tr_strerror(err)),
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fmt::arg("error_code", err)));
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return false;
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}
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/**
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* @brief Initializes Local Peer Discovery for this node
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*
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* For the most part, this means setting up an appropriately configured multicast socket
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* and event-based message handling.
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*
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* @remark Since the LPD service does not use another protocol family yet, this code is
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* IPv4 only for the time being.
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*/
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bool initImpl(struct event_base* event_base)
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{
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auto const opt_on = int{ 1 };
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static_assert(AnnounceScope > 0);
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tr_logAddDebug("Initialising Local Peer Discovery");
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/* setup datagram socket */
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{
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mcast_socket_ = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
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if (mcast_socket_ == TR_BAD_SOCKET)
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{
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return false;
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}
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if (evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(mcast_socket_) == -1)
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{
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return false;
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}
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if (setsockopt(mcast_socket_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, reinterpret_cast<char const*>(&opt_on), sizeof(opt_on)) ==
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-1)
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{
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return false;
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}
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#if HAVE_SO_REUSEPORT
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if (setsockopt(mcast_socket_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, reinterpret_cast<char const*>(&opt_on), sizeof(opt_on)) ==
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-1)
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{
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return false;
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}
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#endif
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auto const [bind_ss, bind_sslen] = tr_socket_address::to_sockaddr(mediator_.bind_address(TR_AF_INET), McastPort);
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if (bind(mcast_socket_, reinterpret_cast<sockaddr const*>(&bind_ss), bind_sslen) == -1)
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{
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return false;
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}
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auto const mcast_addr = tr_address::from_string(McastGroup);
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TR_ASSERT(mcast_addr);
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auto const [mcast_ss, mcast_sslen] = tr_socket_address::to_sockaddr(*mcast_addr, McastPort);
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std::memcpy(&mcast_addr_, &mcast_ss, mcast_sslen);
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/* we want to join that LPD multicast group */
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ip_mreq mcast_req = {};
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mcast_req.imr_multiaddr = mcast_addr_.sin_addr;
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mcast_req.imr_interface = reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in const*>(&bind_ss)->sin_addr;
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if (setsockopt(
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mcast_socket_,
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IPPROTO_IP,
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IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
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reinterpret_cast<char const*>(&mcast_req),
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sizeof(mcast_req)) == -1)
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{
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return false;
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}
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/* configure outbound multicast TTL */
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if (setsockopt(
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mcast_socket_,
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IPPROTO_IP,
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IP_MULTICAST_TTL,
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reinterpret_cast<char const*>(&AnnounceScope),
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sizeof(AnnounceScope)) == -1)
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{
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return false;
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}
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}
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event_.reset(event_new(event_base, mcast_socket_, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, event_callback, this));
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event_add(event_.get(), nullptr);
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tr_logAddDebug("Local Peer Discovery initialised");
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return true;
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}
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/**
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* @brief Processing of timeout notifications and incoming data on the socket
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* @note maximum rate of read events is limited according to @a lpd_maxAnnounceCap
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* @see DoS */
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static void event_callback(evutil_socket_t /*s*/, short type, void* vself)
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{
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if ((type & EV_READ) != 0)
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{
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static_cast<tr_lpd_impl*>(vself)->onCanRead();
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}
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}
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void onCanRead()
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{
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if (!mediator_.allowsLPD())
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{
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return;
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}
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// process announcement from foreign peer
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struct sockaddr_in foreign_addr = {};
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auto addr_len = socklen_t{ sizeof(foreign_addr) };
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auto foreign_msg = std::array<char, MaxDatagramLength>{};
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auto const res = recvfrom(
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mcast_socket_,
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std::data(foreign_msg),
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MaxDatagramLength,
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0,
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reinterpret_cast<sockaddr*>(&foreign_addr),
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&addr_len);
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// If we couldn't read it, discard it
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if (res < 1)
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{
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return;
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}
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// If it doesn't look like a BEP14 message, discard it
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auto const msg = std::string_view{ std::data(foreign_msg), static_cast<size_t>(res) };
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if (static auto constexpr SearchKey = "BT-SEARCH * HTTP/"sv; msg.find(SearchKey) == std::string_view::npos)
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{
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return;
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}
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// If we're receiving too many, discard it
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if (++messages_received_since_upkeep_ > MaxIncomingPerUpkeep)
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{
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return;
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}
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// If it's an invalid message or the wrong protocol version, discard it.
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// Note this comes *after* incrementing the count since there is some
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// small CPU overhead in parsing, so don't do it for *every* message
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auto const parsed = parseAnnounceMsg(msg);
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if (!parsed || parsed->major != 1 || parsed->minor < 1 || parsed->cookie == cookie_)
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{
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tr_logAddTrace("Discarded invalid multicast message");
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return;
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}
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auto [peer_addr, compact] = tr_address::from_compact_ipv4(reinterpret_cast<std::byte*>(&foreign_addr.sin_addr));
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for (auto const& hash_string : parsed->info_hash_strings)
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{
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if (!mediator_.onPeerFound(hash_string, peer_addr, parsed->port))
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{
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tr_logAddDebug(fmt::format("Cannot serve torrent #{:s}", hash_string));
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}
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}
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}
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void announceUpkeep()
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{
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if (!mediator_.allowsLPD())
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{
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return;
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}
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auto torrents = mediator_.torrents();
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// remove torrents that don't need to be announced
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auto const now = tr_time();
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auto const needs_announce = [&now](auto& info)
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{
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return info.allows_lpd && (info.activity == TR_STATUS_DOWNLOAD || info.activity == TR_STATUS_SEED) &&
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info.announce_after < now;
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};
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torrents.erase(
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std::remove_if(std::begin(torrents), std::end(torrents), std::not_fn(needs_announce)),
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std::end(torrents));
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if (std::empty(torrents))
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{
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return;
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}
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// prioritize the remaining torrents
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static auto constexpr TorrentComparator = [](auto const& a, auto const& b)
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{
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if (a.activity != b.activity)
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{
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return a.activity < b.activity;
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}
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if (a.announce_after != b.announce_after)
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{
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return a.announce_after < b.announce_after;
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}
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return false;
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};
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std::sort(std::begin(torrents), std::end(torrents), TorrentComparator);
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// cram in as many as will fit in a message
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auto const baseline_size = std::size(makeAnnounceMsg(cookie_, mediator_.port(), {}));
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auto const size_with_one = std::size(makeAnnounceMsg(cookie_, mediator_.port(), { torrents.front().info_hash_str }));
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auto const size_per_hash = size_with_one - baseline_size;
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auto const max_torrents_per_announce = (MaxDatagramLength - baseline_size) / size_per_hash;
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auto info_hash_strings = std::vector<std::string_view>{};
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info_hash_strings.resize(std::min(std::size(torrents), max_torrents_per_announce));
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std::transform(
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std::begin(torrents),
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std::begin(torrents) + std::size(info_hash_strings),
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std::begin(info_hash_strings),
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[](auto const& tor) { return tor.info_hash_str; });
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if (!sendAnnounce(info_hash_strings))
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{
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return;
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}
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auto const next_announce_after = now + TorrentAnnounceIntervalSec;
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for (auto const& info_hash_string : info_hash_strings)
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{
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mediator_.setNextAnnounceTime(info_hash_string, next_announce_after);
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}
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}
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void dosUpkeep()
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{
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if (messages_received_since_upkeep_ > MaxIncomingPerUpkeep)
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{
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tr_logAddTrace(fmt::format(
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"Dropped {} announces in the last interval (max. {} allowed)",
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messages_received_since_upkeep_ - MaxIncomingPerUpkeep,
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MaxIncomingPerUpkeep));
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}
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messages_received_since_upkeep_ = 0;
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}
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/**
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* @brief Announce the given torrent on the local network
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*
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* @return Returns a success flag
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*
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* Send a query for torrent t out to the LPD multicast group (or the LAN, for that
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* matter). A listening client on the same network might react by adding us to his
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* peer pool for torrent t.
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*/
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bool sendAnnounce(std::vector<std::string_view> const& info_hash_strings)
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{
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auto const announce = makeAnnounceMsg(cookie_, mediator_.port(), info_hash_strings);
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TR_ASSERT(std::size(announce) <= MaxDatagramLength);
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auto const res = sendto(
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mcast_socket_,
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std::data(announce),
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std::size(announce),
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0,
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reinterpret_cast<sockaddr const*>(&mcast_addr_),
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sizeof(mcast_addr_));
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auto const sent = res == static_cast<int>(std::size(announce));
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return sent;
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}
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std::string const cookie_ = makeCookie();
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Mediator& mediator_;
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tr_socket_t mcast_socket_ = TR_BAD_SOCKET; /**multicast socket */
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libtransmission::evhelpers::event_unique_ptr event_;
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static auto constexpr MaxDatagramLength = size_t{ 1400 };
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sockaddr_in mcast_addr_ = {}; /**<initialized from the above constants in init() */
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// BEP14: "To avoid causing multicast storms on large networks a
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// client should send no more than 1 announce per minute."
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static auto constexpr AnnounceInterval = 1min;
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std::unique_ptr<libtransmission::Timer> announce_timer_;
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// Flood Protection:
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// To protect against message flooding, stop processing search messages
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// after processing N per upkeep. If we hit that limit, we're either
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// in a *very* crowded multicast group or a hostile host is sending us
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// bogus data. Better to drop a few packets than get DoS'ed.
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static auto constexpr DosInterval = 5s;
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std::unique_ptr<libtransmission::Timer> dos_timer_;
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static auto constexpr MaxIncomingPerSecond = int{ 10 };
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static auto constexpr MaxIncomingPerUpkeep = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(DosInterval).count() *
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MaxIncomingPerSecond;
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// @brief throw away messages after this number exceeds MaxIncomingPerUpkeep
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size_t messages_received_since_upkeep_ = 0U;
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static auto constexpr TorrentAnnounceIntervalSec = time_t{ 240U }; // how frequently to reannounce the same torrent
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static auto constexpr TtlSameSubnet = int{ 1 };
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static auto constexpr AnnounceScope = int{ TtlSameSubnet }; /**<the maximum scope for LPD datagrams */
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};
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std::unique_ptr<tr_lpd> tr_lpd::create(Mediator& mediator, struct event_base* event_base)
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{
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return std::make_unique<tr_lpd_impl>(mediator, event_base);
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}
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