transmission/libtransmission/announcer-http.cc

// This file Copyright © 2010-2022 Mnemosyne LLC.
// It may be used under GPLv2 (SPDX: GPL-2.0-only), GPLv3 (SPDX: GPL-3.0-only),
// or any future license endorsed by Mnemosyne LLC.
// License text can be found in the licenses/ folder.

#include <climits> /* USHRT_MAX */
#include <cstdio> /* fprintf() */
#include <cstring> /* strchr(), memcmp(), memcpy() */
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <optional>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>

#include <curl/curl.h>

#include <event2/http.h> /* for HTTP_OK */

#include <fmt/core.h>

#define LIBTRANSMISSION_ANNOUNCER_MODULE

#include "transmission.h"

#include "announcer-common.h"
#include "benc.h"
#include "crypto-utils.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "net.h" /* tr_globalIPv6() */
#include "peer-mgr.h" /* pex */
#include "quark.h"
#include "torrent.h"
#include "tr-assert.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "web-utils.h"
#include "web.h"

using namespace std::literals;

/****
*****
*****  ANNOUNCE
*****
****/

static char const* get_event_string(tr_announce_request const* req)
{
    return req->partial_seed && (req->event != TR_ANNOUNCE_EVENT_STOPPED) ? "paused" : tr_announce_event_get_string(req->event);
}

static tr_urlbuf announce_url_new(tr_session const* session, tr_announce_request const* req)
{
    auto url = tr_urlbuf{};
    auto out = std::back_inserter(url);

    auto escaped_info_hash = std::array<char, SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH * 3 + 1>{};
    tr_http_escape_sha1(std::data(escaped_info_hash), req->info_hash);

    fmt::format_to(
        out,
        "{url}"
        "{sep}info_hash={info_hash}"
        "&peer_id={peer_id}"
        "&port={port}"
        "&uploaded={uploaded}"
        "&downloaded={downloaded}"
        "&left={left}"
        "&numwant={numwant}"
        "&key={key}"
        "&compact=1"
        "&supportcrypto=1",
        fmt::arg("url", req->announce_url),
        fmt::arg("sep", tr_strvContains(req->announce_url.sv(), '?') ? '&' : '?'),
        fmt::arg("info_hash", std::data(escaped_info_hash)),
        fmt::arg("peer_id", std::string_view{ std::data(req->peer_id), std::size(req->peer_id) }),
        fmt::arg("port", req->port.host()),
        fmt::arg("uploaded", req->up),
        fmt::arg("downloaded", req->down),
        fmt::arg("left", req->leftUntilComplete),
        fmt::arg("numwant", req->numwant),
        fmt::arg("key", req->key));

    if (session->encryptionMode == TR_ENCRYPTION_REQUIRED)
    {
        fmt::format_to(out, "&requirecrypto=1");
    }

    if (req->corrupt != 0)
    {
        fmt::format_to(out, "&corrupt={}", req->corrupt);
    }

    if (char const* str = get_event_string(req); !tr_str_is_empty(str))
    {
        fmt::format_to(out, "&event={}", str);
    }

    if (!std::empty(req->tracker_id))
    {
        fmt::format_to(out, "&trackerid={}", req->tracker_id);
    }

    return url;
}

static std::string format_ipv4_url_arg(tr_address const& ipv4_address)
{
    std::array<char, INET_ADDRSTRLEN> readable;
    evutil_inet_ntop(AF_INET, &ipv4_address.addr, readable.data(), readable.size());

    return "&ipv4="s + readable.data();
}

static std::string format_ipv6_url_arg(unsigned char const* ipv6_address)
{
    std::array<char, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN> readable;
    evutil_inet_ntop(AF_INET6, ipv6_address, readable.data(), readable.size());

    auto arg = "&ipv6="s;
    tr_http_escape(std::back_inserter(arg), readable.data(), true);

    return arg;
}

static std::string format_ip_arg(std::string_view ip)
{
    auto arg = std::string{ "&ip="sv };
    arg += ip;
    return arg;
}

static void verboseLog(std::string_view description, tr_direction direction, std::string_view message)
{
    auto& out = std::cerr;
    static bool const verbose = tr_env_key_exists("TR_CURL_VERBOSE");
    if (!verbose)
    {
        return;
    }

    auto const direction_sv = direction == TR_DOWN ? "<< "sv : ">> "sv;
    out << description << std::endl << "[raw]"sv << direction_sv;
    for (unsigned char ch : message)
    {
        if (isprint(ch) != 0)
        {
            out << ch;
        }
        else
        {
            out << R"(\x)" << std::hex << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << unsigned(ch) << std::dec << std::setw(1)
                << std::setfill(' ');
        }
    }
    out << std::endl << "[b64]"sv << direction_sv << tr_base64_encode(message) << std::endl;
}

static auto constexpr MaxBencDepth = 8;

void tr_announcerParseHttpAnnounceResponse(tr_announce_response& response, std::string_view benc, char const* log_name)
{
    verboseLog("Announce response:", TR_DOWN, benc);

    struct AnnounceHandler final : public transmission::benc::BasicHandler<MaxBencDepth>
    {
        using BasicHandler = transmission::benc::BasicHandler<MaxBencDepth>;

        tr_announce_response& response_;
        std::string_view const log_name_;
        std::optional<size_t> row_;
        tr_pex pex_ = {};

        explicit AnnounceHandler(tr_announce_response& response, std::string_view log_name)
            : response_{ response }
            , log_name_{ log_name }
        {
        }

        bool StartDict(Context const& context) override
        {
            BasicHandler::StartDict(context);

            pex_ = {};

            return true;
        }

        bool EndDict(Context const& context) override
        {
            BasicHandler::EndDict(context);

            if (tr_address_is_valid_for_peers(&pex_.addr, pex_.port))
            {
                response_.pex.push_back(pex_);
                pex_ = {};
            }

            return true;
        }

        bool Int64(int64_t value, Context const& /*context*/) override
        {
            if (auto const key = currentKey(); key == "interval")
            {
                response_.interval = value;
            }
            else if (key == "min interval"sv)
            {
                response_.min_interval = value;
            }
            else if (key == "complete"sv)
            {
                response_.seeders = value;
            }
            else if (key == "incomplete"sv)
            {
                response_.leechers = value;
            }
            else if (key == "downloaded"sv)
            {
                response_.downloads = value;
            }
            else if (key == "port"sv)
            {
                pex_.port.setHost(static_cast<uint16_t>(value));
            }
            else
            {
                tr_logAddDebug(fmt::format("unexpected key '{}' int '{}'", key, value), log_name_);
            }

            return true;
        }

        bool String(std::string_view value, Context const& /*context*/) override
        {
            if (auto const key = currentKey(); key == "failure reason"sv)
            {
                response_.errmsg = value;
            }
            else if (key == "warning message"sv)
            {
                response_.warning = value;
            }
            else if (key == "tracker id"sv)
            {
                response_.tracker_id = value;
            }
            else if (key == "peers"sv)
            {
                response_.pex = tr_peerMgrCompactToPex(std::data(value), std::size(value), nullptr, 0);
            }
            else if (key == "peers6"sv)
            {
                response_.pex6 = tr_peerMgrCompact6ToPex(std::data(value), std::size(value), nullptr, 0);
            }
            else if (key == "ip")
            {
                if (auto const addr = tr_address::fromString(value); addr)
                {
                    pex_.addr = *addr;
                }
            }
            else if (key == "peer id")
            {
                // unused
            }
            else if (key == "external ip"sv && std::size(value) == 4)
            {
                auto const [addr, out] = tr_address::fromCompact4(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t const*>(std::data(value)));
                response_.external_ip = addr;
            }
            else
            {
                tr_logAddDebug(fmt::format("unexpected key '{}' int '{}'", key, value), log_name_);
            }

            return true;
        }
    };

    auto stack = transmission::benc::ParserStack<MaxBencDepth>{};
    auto handler = AnnounceHandler{ response, log_name };
    tr_error* error = nullptr;
    transmission::benc::parse(benc, stack, handler, nullptr, &error);
    if (error != nullptr)
    {
        tr_logAddWarn(
            fmt::format(
                _("Couldn't parse announce response: {error} ({error_code})"),
                fmt::arg("error", error->message),
                fmt::arg("error_code", error->code)),
            log_name);
        tr_error_clear(&error);
    }
}

struct announce_data
{
    tr_sha1_digest_t info_hash;
    std::optional<tr_announce_response> previous_response;

    tr_announce_response_func response_func;
    void* response_func_user_data;
    bool http_success = false;

    uint8_t requests_sent_count;
    uint8_t requests_answered_count;

    char log_name[128];
};

static bool handleAnnounceResponse(tr_web::FetchResponse const& web_response, tr_announce_response* const response)
{
    auto const& [status, body, did_connect, did_timeout, vdata] = web_response;
    auto* data = static_cast<struct announce_data*>(vdata);

    response->did_connect = did_connect;
    response->did_timeout = did_timeout;
    tr_logAddTrace("Got announce response", data->log_name);

    if (status != HTTP_OK)
    {
        auto const* const response_str = tr_webGetResponseStr(status);
        response->errmsg = fmt::format(FMT_STRING("Tracker HTTP response {:d} ({:s}"), status, response_str);

        return false;
    }

    tr_announcerParseHttpAnnounceResponse(*response, body, data->log_name);

    if (!std::empty(response->pex6))
    {
        tr_logAddTrace(fmt::format("got a peers6 length of {}", std::size(response->pex6)), data->log_name);
    }

    if (!std::empty(response->pex))
    {
        tr_logAddTrace(fmt::format("got a peers length of {}", std::size(response->pex)), data->log_name);
    }

    return true;
}

static void onAnnounceDone(tr_web::FetchResponse const& web_response)
{
    auto const& [status, body, did_connect, did_timeout, vdata] = web_response;
    auto* data = static_cast<struct announce_data*>(vdata);

    ++data->requests_answered_count;

    // If another request already succeeded (or we don't have a registered callback),
    // skip processing this response:
    if (!data->http_success && data->response_func != nullptr)
    {
        tr_announce_response response;
        response.info_hash = data->info_hash;

        data->http_success = handleAnnounceResponse(web_response, &response);

        if (data->http_success)
        {
            data->response_func(&response, data->response_func_user_data);
        }
        else if (data->requests_answered_count == data->requests_sent_count)
        {
            auto const* response_used = &response;

            // All requests have been answered, but none were successfull.
            // Choose the one that went further to report.
            if (data->previous_response && !response.did_connect && !response.did_timeout)
            {
                response_used = &*data->previous_response;
            }

            data->response_func(response_used, data->response_func_user_data);
        }
        else
        {
            // There is still one request pending that might succeed, so store
            // the response for later. There is only room for 1 previous response,
            // because there can be at most 2 requests.
            TR_ASSERT(!data->previous_response);
            data->previous_response = std::move(response);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        tr_logAddTrace("Ignoring redundant announce response", data->log_name);
    }

    // Free data if no more responses are expected:
    if (data->requests_answered_count == data->requests_sent_count)
    {
        delete data;
    }
}

void tr_tracker_http_announce(
    tr_session* session,
    tr_announce_request const* request,
    tr_announce_response_func response_func,
    void* response_func_user_data)
{
    auto* const d = new announce_data();
    d->response_func = response_func;
    d->response_func_user_data = response_func_user_data;
    d->info_hash = request->info_hash;
    tr_strlcpy(d->log_name, request->log_name, sizeof(d->log_name));

    /* There are two alternative techniques for announcing both IPv4 and
       IPv6 addresses. Previous version of BEP-7 suggests adding "ipv4="
       and "ipv6=" parameters to the announce URL, while OpenTracker and
       newer version of BEP-7 requires that peers announce once per each
       public address they want to use.

       We should ensure that we send the announce both via IPv6 and IPv4,
       and to be safe we also add the "ipv6=" and "ipv4=" parameters, if
       we already have them. Our global IPv6 address is computed for the
       LTEP handshake, so this comes for free. Our public IPv4 address
       may have been returned from a previous announce and stored in the
       session.
     */
    auto url_base = announce_url_new(session, request);

    auto options = tr_web::FetchOptions{ url_base.sv(), onAnnounceDone, d };
    options.timeout_secs = 90L;
    options.sndbuf = 4096;
    options.rcvbuf = 4096;

    auto do_make_request = [&](std::string_view const& protocol_name, tr_web::FetchOptions&& opt)
    {
        tr_logAddTrace(fmt::format("Sending {} announce to libcurl: '{}'", protocol_name, opt.url), request->log_name);
        session->web->fetch(std::move(opt));
    };

    auto ipv6 = tr_globalIPv6(session);

    /*
     * Before Curl 7.77.0, if we explicitly choose the IP version we want
     * to use, it is still possible that the wrong one is used. The workaround
     * is expensive (disabling DNS cache), so instead we have to make do with
     * a request that we don't know if will go through IPv6 or IPv4.
     */
    static bool const use_curl_workaround = curl_version_info(CURLVERSION_NOW)->version_num < CURL_VERSION_BITS(7, 77, 0);
    if (use_curl_workaround)
    {
        if (session->useAnnounceIP())
        {
            options.url += format_ip_arg(session->announceIP());
        }
        else if (ipv6 != nullptr)
        {
            if (auto public_ipv4 = session->externalIP(); public_ipv4.has_value())
            {
                options.url += format_ipv4_url_arg(*public_ipv4);
            }
            options.url += format_ipv6_url_arg(ipv6);
        }

        d->requests_sent_count = 1;
        do_make_request(""sv, std::move(options));
    }
    else
    {
        if (session->useAnnounceIP() || ipv6 == nullptr)
        {
            if (session->useAnnounceIP())
            {
                options.url += format_ip_arg(session->announceIP());
            }
            d->requests_sent_count = 1;
            do_make_request(""sv, std::move(options));
        }
        else
        {
            d->requests_sent_count = 2;

            // First try to send the announce via IPv4:
            auto ipv4_options = options;
            // Set the "&ipv6=" argument
            ipv4_options.url += format_ipv6_url_arg(ipv6);
            // Set protocol to IPv4
            ipv4_options.ip_proto = tr_web::FetchOptions::IPProtocol::V4;
            do_make_request("IPv4"sv, std::move(ipv4_options));

            // Then maybe set the "&ipv4=..." part and try to send via IPv6:
            if (auto public_ipv4 = session->externalIP(); public_ipv4.has_value())
            {
                options.url += format_ipv4_url_arg(*public_ipv4);
            }
            options.ip_proto = tr_web::FetchOptions::IPProtocol::V6;
            do_make_request("IPv6"sv, std::move(options));
        }
    }
}

/****
*****
*****  SCRAPE
*****
****/

void tr_announcerParseHttpScrapeResponse(tr_scrape_response& response, std::string_view benc, char const* log_name)
{
    verboseLog("Scrape response:", TR_DOWN, benc);

    struct ScrapeHandler final : public transmission::benc::BasicHandler<MaxBencDepth>
    {
        using BasicHandler = transmission::benc::BasicHandler<MaxBencDepth>;

        tr_scrape_response& response_;
        std::string_view const log_name_;
        std::optional<size_t> row_;

        explicit ScrapeHandler(tr_scrape_response& response, std::string_view const log_name)
            : response_{ response }
            , log_name_{ log_name }
        {
        }

        bool Key(std::string_view value, Context const& context) override
        {
            BasicHandler::Key(value, context);

            if (auto needle = tr_sha1_digest_t{}; depth() == 2 && key(1) == "files"sv && std::size(value) == std::size(needle))
            {
                std::copy_n(reinterpret_cast<std::byte const*>(std::data(value)), std::size(value), std::data(needle));
                auto const it = std::find_if(
                    std::begin(response_.rows),
                    std::end(response_.rows),
                    [needle](auto const& row) { return row.info_hash == needle; });

                if (it == std::end(response_.rows))
                {
                    row_.reset();
                }
                else
                {
                    row_ = std::distance(std::begin(response_.rows), it);
                }
            }

            return true;
        }

        bool Int64(int64_t value, Context const& /*context*/) override
        {
            if (auto const key = currentKey(); row_ && key == "complete"sv)
            {
                response_.rows[*row_].seeders = value;
            }
            else if (row_ && key == "downloaded"sv)
            {
                response_.rows[*row_].downloads = value;
            }
            else if (row_ && key == "incomplete"sv)
            {
                response_.rows[*row_].leechers = value;
            }
            else if (row_ && key == "downloaders"sv)
            {
                response_.rows[*row_].downloaders = value;
            }
            else if (key == "min_request_interval"sv)
            {
                response_.min_request_interval = value;
            }
            else
            {
                tr_logAddDebug(fmt::format("unexpected key '{}' int '{}'", key, value), log_name_);
            }

            return true;
        }

        bool String(std::string_view value, Context const& /*context*/) override
        {
            if (auto const key = currentKey(); depth() == 1 && key == "failure reason"sv)
            {
                response_.errmsg = value;
            }
            else
            {
                tr_logAddDebug(fmt::format("unexpected key '{}' str '{}'", key, value), log_name_);
            }

            return true;
        }
    };

    auto stack = transmission::benc::ParserStack<MaxBencDepth>{};
    auto handler = ScrapeHandler{ response, log_name };
    tr_error* error = nullptr;
    transmission::benc::parse(benc, stack, handler, nullptr, &error);
    if (error != nullptr)
    {
        tr_logAddWarn(
            fmt::format(
                _("Couldn't parse scrape response: {error} ({error_code})"),
                fmt::arg("error", error->message),
                fmt::arg("error_code", error->code)),
            log_name);
        tr_error_clear(&error);
    }
}

struct scrape_data
{
    tr_scrape_response response;
    tr_scrape_response_func response_func;
    void* response_func_user_data;
    char log_name[128];
};

static void onScrapeDone(tr_web::FetchResponse const& web_response)
{
    auto const& [status, body, did_connect, did_timeout, vdata] = web_response;
    auto* const data = static_cast<struct scrape_data*>(vdata);

    tr_scrape_response& response = data->response;
    response.did_connect = did_connect;
    response.did_timeout = did_timeout;

    auto const scrape_url_sv = response.scrape_url.sv();
    tr_logAddTrace(fmt::format("Got scrape response for '{}'", scrape_url_sv), data->log_name);

    if (status != HTTP_OK)
    {
        auto const* const response_str = tr_webGetResponseStr(status);
        response.errmsg = fmt::format(FMT_STRING("Tracker HTTP response {:d} ({:s})"), status, response_str);
    }
    else if (!std::empty(body))
    {
        tr_announcerParseHttpScrapeResponse(response, body, data->log_name);
    }

    if (data->response_func != nullptr)
    {
        data->response_func(&data->response, data->response_func_user_data);
    }

    delete data;
}

static auto scrape_url_new(tr_scrape_request const* req)
{
    auto const sv = req->scrape_url.sv();
    char delimiter = tr_strvContains(sv, '?') ? '&' : '?';

    auto scrape_url = tr_pathbuf{ sv };

    for (int i = 0; i < req->info_hash_count; ++i)
    {
        char str[SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH * 3 + 1];
        tr_http_escape_sha1(str, req->info_hash[i]);
        scrape_url.append(delimiter, "info_hash=", str);
        delimiter = '&';
    }

    return scrape_url;
}

void tr_tracker_http_scrape(
    tr_session* session,
    tr_scrape_request const* request,
    tr_scrape_response_func response_func,
    void* response_func_user_data)
{
    auto* d = new scrape_data();
    d->response.scrape_url = request->scrape_url;
    d->response_func = response_func;
    d->response_func_user_data = response_func_user_data;
    d->response.row_count = request->info_hash_count;

    for (int i = 0; i < d->response.row_count; ++i)
    {
        d->response.rows[i].info_hash = request->info_hash[i];
        d->response.rows[i].seeders = -1;
        d->response.rows[i].leechers = -1;
        d->response.rows[i].downloads = -1;
    }

    tr_strlcpy(d->log_name, request->log_name, sizeof(d->log_name));

    auto const url = scrape_url_new(request);
    tr_logAddTrace(fmt::format("Sending scrape to libcurl: '{}'", url), request->log_name);

    auto options = tr_web::FetchOptions{ url, onScrapeDone, d };
    options.timeout_secs = 30L;
    options.sndbuf = 4096;
    options.rcvbuf = 4096;
    session->web->fetch(std::move(options));
}