transmission/libtransmission/subprocess-win32.cc

// This file Copyright © 2011-2022 Mnemosyne LLC.
// It may be used under GPLv2 (SPDX: GPL-2.0), GPLv3 (SPDX: GPL-3.0),
// or any future license endorsed by Mnemosyne LLC.
// License text can be found in the licenses/ folder.

#include <algorithm>
#include <climits>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cwchar>
#include <map>
#include <string_view>

#include <windows.h>

#include "transmission.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "subprocess.h"
#include "tr-assert.h"
#include "utils.h"

using namespace std::literals;

enum tr_app_type
{
    TR_APP_TYPE_EXE,
    TR_APP_TYPE_BATCH
};

static void set_system_error(tr_error** error, DWORD code, std::string_view what)
{
    if (error == nullptr)
    {
        return;
    }

    char* message = tr_win32_format_message(code);

    if (message == nullptr)
    {
        message = tr_strdup_printf("Unknown error: 0x%08lx", code);
    }

    tr_error_set(error, code, tr_strvJoin(what, " failed: "sv, message));

    tr_free(message);
}

static void append_to_env_block(wchar_t** env_block, size_t* env_block_len, wchar_t const* part, size_t part_len)
{
    *env_block = tr_renew(wchar_t, *env_block, *env_block_len + part_len + 1);
    wmemcpy(*env_block + *env_block_len, part, part_len);
    *env_block_len += part_len;
}

static bool parse_env_block_part(wchar_t const* part, size_t* full_len, size_t* name_len)
{
    TR_ASSERT(part != nullptr);

    auto const* const equals_pos = wcschr(part, L'=');

    if (equals_pos == nullptr)
    {
        /* Invalid part */
        return false;
    }

    ptrdiff_t const my_name_len = equals_pos - part;

    if (my_name_len > SIZE_MAX)
    {
        /* Invalid part */
        return false;
    }

    if (full_len != nullptr)
    {
        /* Includes terminating '\0' */
        *full_len = wcslen(part) + 1;
    }

    if (name_len != nullptr)
    {
        *name_len = (size_t)my_name_len;
    }

    return true;
}

static int compare_wide_strings_ci(wchar_t const* lhs, size_t lhs_len, wchar_t const* rhs, size_t rhs_len)
{
    int diff = wcsnicmp(lhs, rhs, std::min(lhs_len, rhs_len));

    if (diff == 0)
    {
        diff = lhs_len < rhs_len ? -1 : (lhs_len > rhs_len ? 1 : 0);
    }

    return diff;
}

static int compare_env_part_names(void const* vlhs, void const* vrhs)
{
    int ret = 0;
    auto const* const* const lhs = reinterpret_cast<wchar_t const* const*>(vlhs);
    auto const* const* const rhs = reinterpret_cast<wchar_t const* const*>(vrhs);

    size_t lhs_part_len;
    size_t lhs_name_len;

    if (parse_env_block_part(*lhs, &lhs_part_len, &lhs_name_len))
    {
        size_t rhs_part_len;
        size_t rhs_name_len;

        if (parse_env_block_part(*rhs, &rhs_part_len, &rhs_name_len))
        {
            ret = compare_wide_strings_ci(*lhs, lhs_name_len, *rhs, rhs_name_len);
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

static wchar_t** to_wide_env(std::map<std::string_view, std::string_view> const& env)
{
    auto const part_count = std::size(env);
    wchar_t** const wide_env = tr_new(wchar_t*, part_count + 1);

    int i = 0;
    for (auto const& [key_sv, val_sv] : env)
    {
        auto const line = tr_strvJoin(key_sv, "="sv, val_sv);
        wide_env[i++] = tr_win32_utf8_to_native(std::data(line), std::size(line));
    }
    wide_env[i] = nullptr;
    TR_ASSERT(i == part_count);

    /* "The sort is case-insensitive, Unicode order, without regard to locale" © MSDN */
    qsort(wide_env, part_count, sizeof(wchar_t*), &compare_env_part_names);

    return wide_env;
}

static void tr_free_ptrv(void* const* p)
{
    if (p == nullptr)
    {
        return;
    }

    while (*p != nullptr)
    {
        tr_free(*p);
        ++p;
    }
}

static bool create_env_block(std::map<std::string_view, std::string_view> const& env, wchar_t** env_block, tr_error** error)
{
    wchar_t** wide_env = to_wide_env(env);

    if (wide_env == nullptr)
    {
        *env_block = nullptr;
        return true;
    }

    wchar_t* const old_env_block = GetEnvironmentStringsW();

    if (old_env_block == nullptr)
    {
        set_system_error(error, GetLastError(), "Call to GetEnvironmentStrings()");
        return false;
    }

    *env_block = nullptr;

    wchar_t const* old_part = old_env_block;
    size_t env_block_len = 0;

    for (size_t i = 0; wide_env[i] != nullptr; ++i)
    {
        wchar_t const* const part = wide_env[i];

        size_t part_len;
        size_t name_len;

        if (!parse_env_block_part(part, &part_len, &name_len))
        {
            continue;
        }

        while (*old_part != L'\0')
        {
            size_t old_part_len;
            size_t old_name_len;

            if (!parse_env_block_part(old_part, &old_part_len, &old_name_len))
            {
                continue;
            }

            int const name_diff = compare_wide_strings_ci(old_part, old_name_len, part, name_len);

            if (name_diff < 0)
            {
                append_to_env_block(env_block, &env_block_len, old_part, old_part_len);
            }

            if (name_diff <= 0)
            {
                old_part += old_part_len;
            }

            if (name_diff >= 0)
            {
                break;
            }
        }

        append_to_env_block(env_block, &env_block_len, part, part_len);
    }

    while (*old_part != L'\0')
    {
        size_t old_part_len;

        if (!parse_env_block_part(old_part, &old_part_len, nullptr))
        {
            continue;
        }

        append_to_env_block(env_block, &env_block_len, old_part, old_part_len);
        old_part += old_part_len;
    }

    (*env_block)[env_block_len] = '\0';

    FreeEnvironmentStringsW(old_env_block);

    tr_free_ptrv((void* const*)wide_env);
    tr_free(wide_env);

    return true;
}

static void append_argument(char** arguments, char const* argument)
{
    size_t arguments_len = *arguments != nullptr ? strlen(*arguments) : 0u;
    size_t const argument_len = strlen(argument);

    if (arguments_len > 0)
    {
        (*arguments)[arguments_len++] = ' ';
    }

    if (!tr_str_is_empty(argument) && strpbrk(argument, " \t\n\v\"") == nullptr)
    {
        *arguments = tr_renew(char, *arguments, arguments_len + argument_len + 2);
        strcpy(*arguments + arguments_len, argument);
        return;
    }

    *arguments = tr_renew(char, *arguments, arguments_len + argument_len * 2 + 4);

    char* dst = *arguments + arguments_len;
    *(dst++) = '"';

    for (char const* src = argument; *src != '\0';)
    {
        size_t backslash_count = 0;

        while (*src == '\\')
        {
            ++backslash_count;
            ++src;
        }

        switch (*src)
        {
        case '\0':
            backslash_count = backslash_count * 2;
            break;

        case '"':
            backslash_count = backslash_count * 2 + 1;
            break;
        }

        if (backslash_count != 0)
        {
            memset(dst, '\\', backslash_count);
            dst += backslash_count;
        }

        if (*src != '\0')
        {
            *(dst++) = *(src++);
        }
    }

    *(dst++) = '"';
    *(dst++) = '\0';
}

static bool contains_batch_metachars(char const* text)
{
    /* First part - chars explicitly documented by `cmd.exe /?` as "special" */
    return strpbrk(
               text,
               "&<>()@^|"
               "%!^\"") != nullptr;
}

static enum tr_app_type get_app_type(char const* app)
{
    if (tr_str_has_suffix(app, ".cmd") || tr_str_has_suffix(app, ".bat"))
    {
        return TR_APP_TYPE_BATCH;
    }

    /* TODO: Support other types? */

    return TR_APP_TYPE_EXE;
}

static void append_app_launcher_arguments(enum tr_app_type app_type, char** args)
{
    switch (app_type)
    {
    case TR_APP_TYPE_EXE:
        break;

    case TR_APP_TYPE_BATCH:
        append_argument(args, "cmd.exe");
        append_argument(args, "/d");
        append_argument(args, "/e:off");
        append_argument(args, "/v:off");
        append_argument(args, "/s");
        append_argument(args, "/c");
        break;

    default:
        TR_ASSERT_MSG(false, "unsupported application type %d", (int)app_type);
        break;
    }
}

static bool construct_cmd_line(char const* const* cmd, wchar_t** cmd_line)
{
    enum tr_app_type const app_type = get_app_type(cmd[0]);

    char* args = nullptr;
    size_t arg_count = 0;
    bool ret = false;

    append_app_launcher_arguments(app_type, &args);

    for (size_t i = 0; cmd[i] != nullptr; ++i)
    {
        if (app_type == TR_APP_TYPE_BATCH && i > 0 && contains_batch_metachars(cmd[i]))
        {
            /* FIXME: My attempts to escape them one or another way didn't lead to anything good so far */
            goto cleanup;
        }

        append_argument(&args, cmd[i]);
        ++arg_count;
    }

    *cmd_line = args != nullptr ? tr_win32_utf8_to_native(args, -1) : nullptr;

    ret = true;

cleanup:
    tr_free(args);
    return ret;
}

bool tr_spawn_async(
    char const* const* cmd,
    std::map<std::string_view, std::string_view> const& env,
    char const* work_dir,
    tr_error** error)
{
    wchar_t* env_block = nullptr;

    if (!create_env_block(env, &env_block, error))
    {
        return false;
    }

    wchar_t* cmd_line;

    if (!construct_cmd_line(cmd, &cmd_line))
    {
        set_system_error(error, ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Constructing command line");
        return false;
    }

    wchar_t* current_dir = work_dir != nullptr ? tr_win32_utf8_to_native(work_dir, -1) : nullptr;

    auto si = STARTUPINFOW{};
    si.cb = sizeof(si);
    si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
    si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;

    PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;

    bool const ret = CreateProcessW(
        nullptr,
        cmd_line,
        nullptr,
        nullptr,
        FALSE,
        NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS | CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT | CREATE_NO_WINDOW | CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE,
        env_block,
        current_dir,
        &si,
        &pi);

    if (ret)
    {
        CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
        CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
    }
    else
    {
        set_system_error(error, GetLastError(), "Call to CreateProcess()");
    }

    tr_free(current_dir);
    tr_free(cmd_line);
    tr_free(env_block);

    return ret;
}